WAKTU BERJEMUR TERBAIK GUNA MENINGKATKAN VITAMIN D DALAM PENCEGAHAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: The Coronavirus mostly attacks people with low immune systems and can results in death. Adequate vitamin D can increase immunity. Most of the Indonesian population is deficient in vitamin D. Exposure to sunlight can increase vitamin D however inappropriate and long hours causes many health problems. Aim Of This Paper: is to determine the best sunbathing time to increase vitamin D in the prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19). Discussion: Optimal sun exposure in various areas, influenced by environmental and human factors. Most of the Indonesian population needs 1 minimal erythemal dose (MED) which can be obtained by sunbathing at 11:00 a.m. to 14:00 p.m. for 37.5 – 64.5 minutes a day but is more risky causing health problems than before 10:00 a.m. According to Perdoski, sunbathe started from 9 to 10 a.m. for 15 minutes a day or until the skin turns pink, 2-3 times a week with at least 22.5 % area of the body exposed is sufficient and safer. Conclusion: sunbathing from 9:00-10:00 a.m., maximum 15 minutes or skin starts pink, 2-3 times a week is sufficient to increase vitamin D and prevent Covid-19. Wearing a hat and sunscreen is still recommended.

Supplementation with Tomato-Based Products Increases Lycopene, Phytofluene, and Phytoene Levels in Human Serum and Protects Against UV-light-induced Erythema

Carotenoids are suitable photoprotectants, and β-carotene supplements are used for protection against ultraviolet (UV) light-induced erythema. Protective effects are also observed when carotenoids are provided with the diet. Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of synthetic lycopene in comparison with a tomato extract (Lyc-o-Mato®) and a drink containing solubilized Lyc-o-Mato® (Lyc-o-Guard-Drink). With these different sources, the volunteers ingested similar amounts of lycopene (about 10 mg/day). After 12 weeks of supplementation, significant increases in lycopene serum levels and total skin carotenoids were observed in all groups. Significant increases in the serum levels of phytofluene and phytoene occurred in the Lyc-o-Mato and the Lyc-o-Guard-Drink group. At weeks 0, 4, and 12 an erythema was induced with a solar light simulator. Dorsal skin of each subject was irradiated with 1.25 minimal erythemal dose (MED). Reddening of the skin was evaluated before and 24 hours after irradiation by chromametry and expressed as positive a-values (red/green-axis). Δ a-values (difference of a-value before irradiation and after 24 hours) were used as an index of erythema intensity. A decrease in the Δ a-value from week 0 to week 12, indicating prevention of erythema formation, was observed in all groups. Compared to week 0, the Δ a-value at week 12 was 25% lower in the synthetic lycopene group. The protective effect was more pronounced in the Lyc-o-Mato (38%) and Lyc-o-Guard-Drink (48%) groups. In the two latter groups, phytofluene and phytoene may have contributed to protection. Both of these carotenoids exhibit absorption maxima at wavelengths of UV light. Absorption of UV light protects skin from photodamage and might explain the differences observed between groups.