Areca catechu Slurry: A Rich Source of Phenolics and Flavonoids

In present study, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in arecanut slurry based on UV spectrometry and LC-MS were carried out. Results revealed that the arecanut slurry powder extract exhibited the presence of different phenolic groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Further, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of aqueous extract of areca slurry powder was found to be 214.50 mg/g (GAE) and 184.12 mg/g (RE), respectively. LC-MS analysis depicted the presence of vanillic acid in considerable amounts, which is a benzoic acid derivative used as a flavouring agent. Meanwhile, catechin was profoundly present in the aqueous extracts of arecanut slurry powder among all the other flavonoids. The arecanut slurry powder extracts exhibited substantial amount of vanillic acid and catechin, which are known to be beneficial in various pharmacological studies.

Phthalazines and phthalazine hybrids as antimicrobial agents: Synthesis and biological evaluation

Phthalazine and phthalazinone derivatives are important owing to their significant biological activities and pharmacological properties. Herein, a benzoic acid derivative (2), a benzoxazin-1-one derivative (3), and an oxophthalazin-2(1 H)-yl)acetohydrazide (13) are utilized as precursors to construct a novel series of phthalazinones bearing various valuable functional groups in excellent yields via several simple and promising approaches. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized phthalazines is screened against different microbial strains; namely, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria utilizing Amoxicillin as a standard drug.

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Capped-Benzoic Acid Derivative Compounds (o-, m-, and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid)

The effect of a hydroxyl functional group of the benzoic acid derivative compound, i.e. o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the synthesis of AuNPs has been studied. It was revealed that the pH, heating time, the concentration of capping agent and the concentration of Au3+ affected the formation of AuNPs. We discovered that o-hydroxybenzoic acid possessed the highest stability, yet it needed the highest concentration of Au3+ and faster reaction time than p-hydroxybenzoic acid and slower than m-hydroxybenzoic acid. The stability was verified by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, TEM, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Zeta Potential with an aging time of more than 5 months. We concluded that o-hydroxybenzoic acid acquired the most effective redox reaction instead of m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, resulted in the smaller sized and unaggregated AuNPs. We also confirmed that the hydroxyl group of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid is the functional group responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to Au0.