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2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Christopher ◽  
Jonathon Sanchez ◽  
John Fischer

Abstract Aim Research indicates that prophylactic mesh may help prevent incisional hernia after laparotomy, but best practice patterns in these situations are still evolving. Here, we compare the failure loads (FLs) and biomechanical stiffness (BMS) of 35 porcine abdominal wall laparotomy incisions reinforced with meshes of various widths and fixation distances using biomechanical testing. Material and Methods In each specimen, a ten centimeter (cm) incision was made and closed using continuous 1-0 Maxon suture. Specimens were randomized to mesh width (none, 2.5cm, 3cm, 4cm, 6cm, 8cm) and tack separation (1.5cm, 2cm apart), and the meshes secured in an onlay fashion. Cyclic loads oscillating from 15 Newtons (N) to 140N were applied to stimulate abdominal wall stress, and the specimens subsequently loaded to failure. FLs (N) and BMS (N/mm) were comparatively analyzed. Results All specimens failed via suture pull-through. FLs and BMS were lowest in specimens with suture-only (421.43 N; 11.69 N/mm). FLs and BMS were significantly higher in 4cm mesh specimens (567.51N) than those with suture, 2.5cm, and 3.0cm mesh (all p < 0.05). FLs in specimens with a greater number of tacks were consistently higher in meshes of similar sizes, although these did not reach significance. Conclusions Four cm mesh re-enforcement is superior to suture-only and smaller meshes at preserving strength in laparotomy closure in the early stages of healing, but larger meshes (6cm, 8cm) do not provide additional benefit. Meshes with more fixation points may be advantageous, but additional data is needed to make definitive conclusions.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hergarten ◽  
Jörg Robl

<p>Longitudinal river profiles have been a central if not even the most important subject in tectonic geomorphology since the 1950s. During the last decades, considerable progress has been made in unraveling the tectonic history from river profiles. Going along with the rapidly increasing availability of DEMs, however, scientists try to derive more and more information from the topography. So the quality of the DEM is still a limiting factor in many studies. In particular, local channel slopes are strongly affected by the DEM. Several approaches have been proposed in order to reduce the errors and to distinguish specific features such as knickpoints from noise of the DEM.</p><p>In this study we use DEMs with a mesh width of 1 m obtained from airborne laser scans and reduce their resolution artificially in order to analyze the effect of the mesh width on the accuracy of river profiles systematically. Based on the results, we present an idea how the errors in channel slope could be reduced with focus on narrow valleys. Going beyond the majority of the previously published approaches, our idea does not only take into account the elevation along the river profile, but also the curvature of the topography in direction normal to the valley floor.</p><p> </p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 787-789
Author(s):  
Marcel Simons ◽  
Till Rusche ◽  
Tobias Valentino ◽  
Tim Radel ◽  
Frank Vollertsen

Die Ultrakurzpuls (UKP)-laserbasierte Bearbeitung erlaubt die Herstellung von Netzstrukturen mit verschiedenen Transmissionsgraden. Vorteile der UKP-laserbasierten Herstellung der Netze liegen vor allem in der hohen Präzision und Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit. Die UKP-Laserbearbeitung ermöglicht die Herstellung von Netzen aus Aluminium in hoher Qualität, bezogen auf die Stegbreitenabweichung von < 8 µm, mit variablen Transmissionsgraden. Ultra-short pulse (USP) laser based processing enables the production of mesh structures with different degrees of transmission. The advantages of USP-based production of mesh structures are mainly the high precision and processing speed. USP laser processing enables the production of meshes of aluminum in high quality, with respect to the mesh width deviation of < 8 µm with variable transmission degrees.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jones Santander-Neto ◽  
Leandro Yokota ◽  
Thiago Silveira de Meneses

Abstract The determination of the period of parturition and identification of nursery areas are fundamental for the management and conservation of a fishing resource. Through combination of monthly abundance, length measurements, and development time of embryos we inferred about parturition time of the Blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, from Southwestern Atlantic. Specimens of C. limbatus were caught from 2002 and 2008 by artisanal fleets from three different locations along the Brazilian coast using gillnets (mesh width ranging between 30 and 120 mm between opposite knots and operating from 9 to 120 m in depth), handlines (19 to 140 m depth) and longlines (6 to 90 m depth). Through a comparative analysis of fisheries landing data collected, we have verified neonatal (< 90 cm) catch peaks at specific times of the year in different locations and, matching with birth prediction of embryos, propose that C. limbatuspresents a well-defined parturition time in late spring-early summer in Southwestern Atlantic. Moreover, we indicate supposed nursery grounds for the species along the Brazilian coast. This information will be crucial for stock assessments of the species and may serve as a basis for determining fisheries management measures.


Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Kim ◽  
Pyo

This paper presents a novel low-profile microstrip antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern for an artillery-launched observation round. The proposed antenna consists of one centered hexagonal patch for a feeding network and six periodic arrays of a trapezoid patch for a radiator. The trapezoid patch is equal to a half-sized hexagonal patch based on geometrical symmetry. A gap-coupled one-hexagonal patch and six trapezoid patches are supported on a nonfundamental TM02 mode for vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation patterns. In addition, a meshed ground structure for the proposed antenna is employed to improve the impedance bandwidth. The thin metal wires that are formed by the meshed ground structure yield six trapezoid slot arrays for the feeding network and three triangular slot arrays for the radiator on the ground plane. To verify the feasibility of the meshed ground structure, the mesh width, denoted by w, was investigated theoretically and optimized carefully to enlarge the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna. Finally, the proposed antenna, with a mesh width of 0.2 mm, successfully demonstrated excellent monopolar radiation at a resonant frequency of 5.84 GHz, a realized gain of 5.27 dBi, and an impedance bandwidth of 452 MHz from 5.583 GHz to 6.035 GHz with respect to 7.78% at a center frequency of 5.809 GHz.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1747-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier de Frutos ◽  
Bosco García-Archilla ◽  
Volker John ◽  
Julia Novo

Abstract This paper studies non inf-sup stable finite element approximations to the evolutionary Navier–Stokes equations. Several local projection stabilization (LPS) methods corresponding to different stabilization terms are analyzed, thereby separately studying the effects of the different stabilization terms. Error estimates are derived in which the constants are independent of inverse powers of the viscosity. For one of the methods, using velocity and pressure finite elements of degree $l$, it will be proved that the velocity error in $L^\infty (0,T;L^2(\varOmega ))$ decays with rate $l+1/2$ in the case that $\nu \le h$, with $\nu$ being the dimensionless viscosity and $h$ being the mesh width. In the analysis of another method it was observed that the convective term can be bounded in an optimal way with the LPS stabilization of the pressure gradient. Numerical studies confirm the analytical results.


2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Balgobin ◽  
Joseph L. Fitzwater ◽  
Donald D. McIntire ◽  
Imelda J. Delgado ◽  
Clifford Y. Wai
Keyword(s):  

Polymer ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunliu Fang ◽  
David Julius ◽  
Siok Wei Tay ◽  
Liang Hong ◽  
Jim Yang Lee

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina C. Manica ◽  
Monika Neda ◽  
Maxim Olshanskii ◽  
Leo G. Rebholz ◽  
Nicholas E. Wilson

AbstractWe study an efficient finite element method for the NS-ω model, that uses van Cittert approximate deconvolution to improve accuracy and Scott-Vogelius elements to provide pointwise mass conservative solutions and remove the dependence of the (often large) Bernoulli pressure error on the velocity error. We provide a complete numerical analysis of the method, including well-posedness, unconditional stability, and optimal convergence. Additionally, an improved choice of filtering radius (versus the usual choice of the average mesh width) for the scheme is found, by identifying a connection with a scheme for the velocity-vorticity-helicity NSE formulation. Several numerical experiments are given that demonstrate the performance of the scheme, and the improvement offered by the new choice of the filtering radius.


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