Classifying planetary cloudiness with an updated set of MODIS Cloud Regimes

We present an updated Cloud Regime (CR) dataset based on Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 cloud products, specifically joint histograms that partition cloud fraction within distinct combinations of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness ranges. The paper focuses on an edition of the CR dataset derived from our own aggregation of MODIS pixel-level cloud retrievals on an equal area grid and pre-specified 3-hour UTC intervals that spatiotemporally match International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) gridded cloud data. The other edition comes from the 1-degree daily aggregation provided by standard MODIS Level-3 data, as in previous versions of the MODIS CRs, for easier use with datasets mapped on equal angle grids. Both editions consist of 11 clusters whose centroids are nearly identical.We provide a physical interpretation of the new CRs and aspects of their climatology that have not been previously examined, such as seasonal and interannual variability of CR frequency of occurrence. We also examine the makeup and precipitation properties of the CRs assisted by independent datasets originating from active observations, and provide a first glimpse of how MODIS CRs relate to clouds as seen by ISCCP.

Supplemental Material: Airblasts caused by large slope collapses

Figure S1. Sequence of satellite images showing the evolution of Yumthang rock avalanche; Figure S2. (A) View of the detachment zone of the Yumthang rock avalanche. Main discontinuities are indicated. (B) Hillshade with indication of the main sets of iscontinuities. The arrows indicate the downstream direction of the valleys. (C) Stereographic plots (Equal angle, lower hemisphere) with the kinematic analysis overlain. (D) General hillshade and satellite image showing the location of the detachment zone at the confluence of two valleys; Figure S3. Picture and schematic illustration of airblast interacting with the tree trunk on the distal part of the Yumthang airblast damage area; Table S1. Main discontinuities affecting the granite at the Yumthang headscarp.

Supplemental Material: Airblasts caused by large slope collapses

Figure S1. Sequence of satellite images showing the evolution of Yumthang rock avalanche; Figure S2. (A) View of the detachment zone of the Yumthang rock avalanche. Main discontinuities are indicated. (B) Hillshade with indication of the main sets of iscontinuities. The arrows indicate the downstream direction of the valleys. (C) Stereographic plots (Equal angle, lower hemisphere) with the kinematic analysis overlain. (D) General hillshade and satellite image showing the location of the detachment zone at the confluence of two valleys; Figure S3. Picture and schematic illustration of airblast interacting with the tree trunk on the distal part of the Yumthang airblast damage area; Table S1. Main discontinuities affecting the granite at the Yumthang headscarp.

Performance of composite reinforced short column under axial loading

The purpose of this paper is to compare the behaviour of composite reinforced concrete square short columns and conventional square short column. Experiments are conducted on four axially loaded column specimens till failure. Among four specimens, two are conventional and remaining two columns are having equal angles as main reinforcement. Short columns are designed using IS 456 2000. The obtained details of main reinforcement are replaced in area wise by equal angle (ISA 2525). The tie reinforcement used to withhold the main reinforcement in position are retained with the same deformed bars. Performance of columns are measured in terms of load carrying capacity, longitudinal strain, stress, crushing modes, strains in each face using strain gauges. Outcome of the experiments are compared and plotted in the form of stress vs strain of the column. A finite element model was developed using Abaqus to simulate the results.