YIELD, ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE INDICATORS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLUE HONEYSUCKLE UNDER CONDITIONS OF SAKHALIN TRADE-WIND LITTORAL CLIMATE

The blue honeysuckle is the earliest ripening berry, which ripens 7–10 days earlier than the garden strawber-ries under the conditions of Sakhalin's climate. It is resistant to lower fungi and parasites and can be cultivat-ed without pesticides. Currently, many honeysuckle varieties with fruits of different morphologies and chemical composition have been bred. We analyzed values of economically valuable indicators and chemical composition in 14 varieties of honeysuckle, which grow in the monsoon climate of Sakhalin. To assess the most productive variety, the values of each character were presented as percentage of the maximum for each indicator. Knowing the total values of characters under investigation made it possible to choose the best va-rieties, from authors` point of view, to grow in the household gardens in the monsoon climate of Sakhalin: from the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry – Leningradsky giant (506.4%), Berel (432.9%) and Viola (423.4%).

Water Runoff and Catchment Improvement by Nature-Based Solution (NBS) Promotion in Private Household Gardens: An Agent-Based Model

Nature-based solutions (NBS) such as rainwater gardens and permeable paving can be deployed as an alternative to conventional urban gardens to improve cities’ resilience against increasing rainfall. This study describes the application of an agent-based model (ABM) to assess the role of private gardens toward the enhancement of water management by households. The ABM simulates the process of switching from “gray” (i.e., paved) to green gardens, taking into account the effect of “soft” (garden networks and gardening workshops) and “hard” (monetary) incentives. The ABM is supported by a water balance model to consider the effect of rainfall on soil water retention. Four different cities in Europe were analyzed: Szeged (Hungary), Alcalá de Henares (Spain), Metropolitan city of Milan (Italy), and Çankaya Municipality (Turkey). The results demonstrate that greening private gardens can generate impact on water run-off and catchment in cities in the order of 5–10%, reaching picks up to 20% in certain cases. While the proposed model is not devoid of limitations, the results provide useful insights in the ways different instruments (e.g., municipal subsidies and knowledge support) could assist with the greening of private gardens for NBS promotion to respond to cities’ water management challenges.

PERAN TERNAK BABI SEBAGAI BIO-TILLAGE SYSTEMS PADA LAHAN KEBUN DALAM BUDAYA BERTANI MASYARAKAT ARFAK, PAPUA BARAT

ABSTRAKMengetahui seberapa jauh aplikasi penggunaan ternak babi dalam kebun masyarakat Arfak di Pegunungan Arfak penting untuk dipelajari karena Arfak memiliki kondisi agroekologi penting. Masyarakat Arfak memiliki kearifan dalam bertani serta memiliki hubungan yang dekat dengan ternak babi. Hasil tinjauan di lapang dan referensi menunjukkan bahwa ternak babi relatif masih digunakan pada lahan pertanian atau kebun keluarga masyarakat Arfak sebagai hewan penggembur tanah (soil dozer). Ternak babi, kebun dan masyarakat Arfak saling berinteraksi dengan memberikan peranan kepada masing-masing komponen. Kelebihan ternak babi sebagai penggembur tanah kebun biologis mampu membantu petani orang Arfak. Terdapat 7 keunggulan penggunaan ternak babi dalam kebun. Namun jumlah ternak yang dapat dimasukkan serta sejauhmana kinerja ternak babi dalam setiap luasan lahan secara ekonomis, ekologis dan sosiologis masih harus dikaji secara intensif. ABSTRACTKnowing how far the application of pig farming in Arfak people 's gardens in the Arfak Mountains is important to learn because Arfak has important agro ecological conditions, the Arfak people have wisdom in farming and have a close relationship with pigs. The results of the review in the field and references show that the pigs are relatively still used on agricultural land or Arfak people's family farms as soil dozers. Pigs and gardens and Arfak people interact with each other by providing service to each component. The advantages of pigs as biological gardeners are able to help Arfak farmers. There are 7 benefits of using pigs as bio-tillage inside Arfak household gardens. However, the number of livestock that can be included and the extent to which the performance of pigs in each area of land economically, ecologically and sociologically, must still be studied intensively.

Physical and Mental Health Impacts of Household Gardens in an Urban Slum in Lima, Peru

Rural poverty and lack of access to education has led to urban migration and fed the constant growth of urban slums in Lima, Peru. Inhabitants of these informal settlements lack land rights and access to a public water supply, resulting in poor sanitation, an inability to grow food, and suboptimal health outcomes. A repeated measures longitudinal pilot study utilizing participatory design methods was conducted in Lima between September 2013 and September 2014 to determine the feasibility of implementing household gardens and the subsequent impact of increased green space on well-being. Anthropometric data and a composite of five validated mental health surveys were collected at the baseline, 6-months, and 12-months after garden construction. Significant increases from the baseline in all domains of quality of life, including: physical (p < 0.01), psychological (p = 0.05), social (p = 0.02), environmental (p = 0.02), and overall social capital (p < 0.01) were identified 12 months after garden construction. Life-threatening experiences decreased significantly compared to the baseline (p = 0.02). There were no significant changes in parent or partner empathy (p = 0.21), BMI (p = 0.95), waist circumference (p = 0.18), or blood pressure (p = 0.66) at 6 or 12 months. Improved access to green space in the form of a household garden can significantly improve mental health in an urban slum setting.

The Economics of Plant Production of Household Garden

The objective of this research is to investigate the economics of household plant gardening activities. The questionnaire used as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire included different parts concerning the inputs of household gardening, the processing activities and the outputs of these activities. The household population of the study was divided into different stratum according to household income and the location of households in urban and sub-urban areas. The results showed that the garden inputs are reliable on garden size. The extent of external labor use was dependent on the household income and the size of garden. The returns of household gardens were higher for trees then for vegetables.

The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Animal Breeding in Urban Households

The objective of this research is to investigate the socio-economic conditions of households who have animal production gardens. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire concentrated on collecting data about animal breeding patters, the extent of these animals in these gardens. The sample was distributed on six stratified layers each layer represent a pattern of household income except the sixth layers which represents household gardens suburban areas. The results showed that households concentrate on animal breeding in their gardens. The type of animal breeding depends on the location of layers and laws, which regulate this process. In suburban areas, all kinds of animal were allowed to breed in household gardens. The production attained of animal breeding was very considerable and can be considered as part of household income.

The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Plant Home Gardens

The objective of this research is to highlight the socio-economic characteristics of households that practice urban plant production through their household gardens. The questionnaire was a tool used to collect data. Stratified sample was which divided the population into six strata. The first five strata were depending on family income, while the sixth strata was depending on the households in suburban areas. The results showed that the distribution of gardens was affected by the family income, the free space inside household. Most of households showed that the production is used either for family consumption or used as entertainment tool inside household. The educational level affected the care for household gardens. In low income families, the low educational individual used to care for gardens, while the contrary was recorded for higher income layers. In the suburban areas, the care for garden was taken over by all family members.