Theoretical foundations of the organization of physical training of commanders of tank units of the Lend Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

In modern conditions of development of Ukraine, despite the existing threat in the East of the country and at the same time carrying out reforms on the way to European integration, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as a military formation, conscientiously and honestly carry out all the tasks that are defined by the Law of Ukraine "On the Armed Forces of Ukraine". In the process of preparing servicemen for professional (combat) activity, physical training plays an important role. The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of the organization of physical training of commanders of tank units of the Lend Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Research methods: scientific and methodical literature analysis and summarizing, normative documents, pedagogical observation. The features of the professional activity of the military personnel of the tank units of the Lend Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account the experience of hostilities, have been clarified; the importance of physical training in solving problems of physical readiness of military personnel of tank units for professional (combat) activity is revealed. It was revealed that in order to effectively perform combat missions, servicemen of tank units must be comprehensively prepared, both from a physical point of view and psychological. The use of a high-quality organization of physical training in the system of professional training of military personnel of tank units will prepare them for the effective performance of their duties, both in peacetime and in wartime.

FEATURES OF BELARUSIAN PSYCHOLOGY IN 1920-1950 y.: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PRECONDITIONS. PART 1. PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMBAT ACTIVITY IN PARTISAN DETACHMENTS

Продолжено рассмотрение ситуации, сложившейся в белорусской психологии в период Великой Отечественной войны, и роль этого этапа истории в ее дальнейшем развитии. Представлен малоизученный факт использования житейских психологических знаний в организации и ведении партизанской войны. Показано, что специфика партизанской войны с необходимостью требовала от бойцов и командиров применения психологических знаний и умений. При этом, несмотря на отсутствие документов, официально подтверждающих наличие лиц со специальной психологической подготовкой в боевых партизанских соединениях, данные задачи выполнялись достаточно эффективно. К числу подобного рода задач и специфики партизанской борьбы относятся: психологические аспекты организации и координации деятельности партизанских отрядов, особенности командования в них, необходимость учета этнонациональных особенностей как противника, так и членов партизанских отрядов, особенности взаимодействия и коммуникации между гражданскими и военными лицами внутри партизанских отрядов, психологическая подготовка бойцов (наряду с профессиональными навыками) партизанских отрядов (воспитание мужества, стойкости, готовности и т.д.). Также значительное место в боевых действиях партизан занимало осуществление психологической войны в тылу врага и параллельное проведение идеологической и воспитательной работы среди населения оккупированных территорий при необходимости эффективного функционирования в длительной экстремальной ситуации и в ситуации неопределенности, развитие устойчивости к ней. Важной задачей являлся психологический отбор, в первую очередь связанный с необходимостью определения потенциальных предателей и оценки возможностей использования помощи местного населения и др. Таким образом, в истории белорусской психологии в период Великой Отечественной войны сложилась уникальная ситуация широкого использования житейских психологических знаний и их спонтанный переход на уровень прикладных. Тем не менее, прямого развития этой отрасли психологической науки после Великой Отечественной войны в белорусской психологии не произошло. The article continues to consider the situation in Belarusian psychology during the Great Patriotic War and the role of this stage in further development. The little-studied aspect is presented - the use of everyday psychological knowledge in the organization and conduct of guerrilla warfare. It is shown that the specifics of guerrilla warfare necessarily required fighters and commanders to apply psychological knowledge and skills. At the same time, despite the lack of documents officially confirming the presence of persons with special psychological training in combat guerrilla units, these tasks were performed quite effectively. Such tasks and specifics of guerrilla struggle include: psychological aspects of organization and coordination of guerrilla units, features of command in them, the need to take into account ethno-national characteristics of both the enemy and members of guerrilla units, features of interaction, communication within guerrilla units of civilians and military personnel; psychological training of fighters (along with professional skills) of guerrilla units (education of courage, perseverance, readiness, etc.). Also, a significant place in the guerrilla operations was occupied by the implementation of psychological warfare in the enemy's rear, parallel ideological and educational work among the population of the occupied territories, the need to function effectively in prolonged extreme situations and situations of uncertainty, development of resistance to it. An important task was psychological selection, primarily related to the need to identify potential traitors and the possibility of using the help of local people, etc. Thus, in the history of Belarusian psychology during the Great Patriotic War there was a unique situation of widespread use of psychological knowledge and their spontaneous transition to applied. Nevertheless, there was no direct development of this branch of psychological science in the Belarusian psychology after the Great Patriotic War.

Formation of Psychophysical Readiness of Cadets for Future Professional Activity

The experience of combat operations conducting in the eastern part of Ukraine in 2014-2020 convincingly demonstrated the need to increase the requirements for professional training of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Physical training is one of the main subjects of professional training and an important means of psychophysical readiness formation of servicemen of various military specialties for modern extreme professional and combat activities. The aim of the study is to examine the efficiency of the experimental academic program of the discipline of Physical Education, and Special Physical Training concerning the formation of psychophysical readiness of cadets of technical higher military educational institutions for future professional and combat activity. The study was conducted at S. P. Koroliov Zhytomyr Military Institute. 120 male cadets participated in the experiment. An experimental group (EG), which consisted of the cadets who were studying according to the experimental working academic program of the discipline (n=60), and a control group (CG), which included the cadets studying according to the current working academic program of the discipline (n=60) were formed. The criteria of the efficiency of the experimental program are determined to be the indicators of general and special physical fitness of cadets and the level of professionally important psychological qualities. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. It was discovered that conducting classes according to the experimental program contributed to the improvement of the level of development of the cadets’ special physical qualities, mastering military-applied skills, the formation of professionally important psychological qualities. The most significant changes in EG cadets occurred in overcoming obstacle course, holding the angle on parallel bars, holding the body in a horizontal position, tests for determination of attention distribution and volume, mental performance – at the end of the experiment, and the indicators of EG cadets were significantly (p˂0.05-0.001) better than those of CG.It proves the necessity of correcting the academic program of Physical Education and Special Physical Training for senior cadets with the aim of their psychophysical readiness formation for future professional and combat activity.

The activity of Irkutsk branch of Krasnoyarsk Specialized School of Militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union: historical-pedagogical aspect

The subject of research of this research is the process of establishment and development of Irkutsk branch of the Krasnoyarsk Specialized School of Militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union during the 1989–1991, and its subsequent professional-pedagogical transformation. The author dwells on the question of historical-pedagogical peculiarities of the initial stage of recruiting the academic staff of the branch by the scientific personnel. The author explores the professional peculiarities in carrying out educational, service and combat activity of the permanent and nonpermanent staff of the specialized school. In the course of scientific research, the author reveals and analyzes the factors that affected the establishment and development of Irkutsk branch of Krasnoyarsk Specialized School of Militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union during the transformation of the political system in Russia; as well as explores the peculiarities of implementing  pedagogical activity at the initial stage of the educational institution. The examples of interaction of the cadets and employees of the branch with the divisions of practical authorities. The conducted research is valuable for wide audience, as the establishment and development of departmental education of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union in Baikal region has become a significant event for the educational system of the entire Siberian region.

Scientific support of border activity

The object of this research is the border activity, while the subject is the science of border activity – borderology. The article consists of five sections. The first section views border activity as a system of preventive (border prevention and deterrence), security and control (border patrol, border search), and defense-militant measures (special activity, combat activity, operational actions). The second and third sections give detail description to these measures, as well as the typical stages of the cycles of activity. The fourth section is dedicated to description of the structure of borderology – the system of knowledge on ensuring border security, state c of border organizations, preparation and conduct of border activity, and its all-round provision. The fifth section provides a systemic formulation of principles of border activity. Within the framework of development of the concept of “border management system”, the author considers the border activity as a system of measures aimed at ensuring national security in the borders. The science of border activity includes the following disciplines: border art (border policy, border operational art, border tactics), border history, border statistics, mathematical theory of managing border security, legal framework of border security and border activity, philosophy of border security, psychology and sociology of border activity, theory of border training and education, theories of all-round support of border activity, theory of development, application of technical and special means of border activity.   

Actors of administrative and legal support of service and combat activity of the National Guard of Ukraine in peacetime

Based on the analysis of the current legislation governing public relations in the security and de-fense sector of the state, the article considers the subjects of administrative and legal support of service and combat activities of the National Guard of Ukraine in peacetime. It is emphasized that the administrative and legal status of the National Guard of Ukraine changes depending on the introduction of a certain administrative and legal regime, which provides for a change in the legal status of individuals (restrictions on rights and freedoms) and legal entities, increasing the powers of officials of the National Guard of Ukraine. specifically established by law legal conditions.

The essence of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of service and combat activity of security forces (on the example of the National Guard of Ukraine)

The article emphasizes that the administrative and legal support of the security forces involves the implementation of the state through a set of legal norms, regulations and means of regulating public relations in the field of security and defense. The narrow definition of administrative and legal support is aimed precisely at the service and combat activities of the security forces. It has been offered to consider administrative and legal maintenance of service and combat activity of security forces as implementation by the state by means of legal norms, instructions and means of streamlining of set of the coordinated and interconnected preventive, protective, protective, mode, isolation-restrictive measures (actions) of bodies, divisions, parts. and individual officials of the security forces, which are carried out in order to ensure the implementation of the tasks facing the security forces in accordance with the law in peacetime and in wartime, as well as crisis situations that threaten national security. The consideration of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of service and combat activity of security forces as a set of legal means, measures and methods by means of which regulation of public relations in the field of service and combat activity of security forces is carried out is substantiated. It has been concluded that the elements of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of the service and combat activities of the security forces include: public relations in the field of providing the service and combat activities of the security forces; authorized subjects of power of the security forces in the field of security and combat activities of the security forces; administrative and legal relations that take place in the process of ensuring the service and combat activities of the security forces; guarantees, measures, means, forms and methods of ensuring the service and combat activities of the security forces. It has been established that a promising area of development of the security and defense sector of the country may be the adoption of a separate Concept of administrative and legal support of combat operations in the field of security and defense (including combat operations of security forces) or other separate regulations.