Effectiveness of Selected Issues of Used Tyre Management in Poland

The study aimed to assess used tyre management efficiency in Poland from 2008 to 2018, considering their recovery based on EU and national regulations. Within 11 years, over 5 million Mg of used tyres were introduced to the domestic market, exceeding 50 million registered vehicles. A significant process in tyre waste management was the recovery of 47% of tyres, which was almost fully correlated with the total amount of tyres. Only the growth trend of the manufactured tyres was considered significant, and the rarely used indicator of the accumulation of used tyres per area showed an uneven accumulation of worn tyres with the highest amount of 48.06 Mg km-2 in a region with a small area but significant volume of tyres. Therefore, management of used tyres requires taking actions that optimise increasing waste collection and rational recovery in the context of the further minimisation of environmental pressure and increasing the efficiency of their use, taking into account the advanced technology.

Alcoholics Anonymous and Rational Recovery: Readability of the “Big Book” Vs the Small Book

Readability of the Big Book used in Alcoholics Anonymous confirmed Mills' finding of an 8th- or 9th-grade reading level, but readability of the Small Book for Rational Recovery required college level reading.