Evaluation of Students Performance using Fuzzy Set Theory in Online Learning of Islamic Finance Course

<p class="0abstract"><strong>Abstract—</strong>The objective of this study is to evaluate student performance using fuzzy set theory in Islamic Finance online course. This study focuses on selecting best individual among 30 students that registered for Islamic Bank Management course. The variables that involved in this study are online quiz marks, online assignment marks and online self-learning time. The outcome of the fuzzy set analysis was compared with final examination data. The methodology of this study involving converting real data to fuzzy set, intersection calculation, decision analysis using maximizing approach. Result of fuzzy set shows the best individual score is 0.9. This student selected as best candidate for student performance in online learning with considering three variables namely online quizzes, online assignment and online self-learning hour. The comparison with final examination marks shows a good agreement with fuzzy set theory that concluded best individual from fuzzy set theory exhibits highest performance during final examination. The main finding of this study can help educators to predict the best performer in online learning class. In the same time, finding of this study can act as guideline to advise students in achieving their desired grade for online learning course.</p>

Cognitive flexibility and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of Young Entrepreneurs' Alliance Leaders and the Ibero-American Federation of Young Entrepreneurs

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between Cognitive Flexibility, with its subscales, and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy, with its dimensions, of leaders representing young entrepreneurs in the G20 Young Entrepreneurs Alliance and the Ibero-American Federation of Young Entrepreneurs. Methodology: The study has qualitative and quantitative approaches, as well as descriptive nature. The analytical and statistical processing were Qualitative Comparative Fuzzy Set Analysis (fsQCA); Correlation and Linear Regression. Results: The results pointed to significant positive correlation in hypotheses H2, H3, and H4, and rejected hypothesis H1, thus concluding that said leaders maintain dexterity in perceiving and generating multiple explanations and alternative solutions to uncertain, difficult, and/or new occurrences (cognitive flexibility), thus positively influencing the belief that their abilities are effective in carrying out courses of action necessary to create a new business or the development of an existing business (entrepreneurial self-efficacy). Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study contributes to the literature by expanding the knowledge about the relationship between cognitive flexibility and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, as well as, the research sample consisting of world leaders and the use of the fsQCA technique. Relevance/Originality: The research deepens the discussion on cognitive flexibility and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of leaders of young entrepreneurs, since how entrepreneurs think and act has become an indispensable issue to support entrepreneurial activities carried out independently or within organizations. Social contributions: The contribution lies in the evidence that there is a significant positive relationship between cognitive flexibility, which is an important problem-solving skill, along with entrepreneurial self-efficacy for understanding the strategies that entrepreneurs share with each other.

Using a Fuzzy-set Configuration Approach and Structural Equation Modelling to Explore the Effect of Destination Residents’ Motives on Tourism Value Co-creation

This study explored the effect of residents’ motives in strengthening the thread that binds tourism value co-creation (TVCC) pursuits and sustainable tourism development practices (STDPs), in the context of nature-based destinations. Drawing on the multi-motives toward environmental protection model and the stakeholder engagement approaches, we developed a combined framework examining the interactions between six residents’ motives (namely, altruistic, normative, hedonic, biospheric, and egoistic) plus a ‘constraints to motives’ construct and their influence on residents’ motivational tendencies to participate in TVCC and STDPs. A mixed-method approach—encompassing structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set analysis—was employed to establish the genuineness of the collected data. Using data collected from 587 residents—living in Egypt’s Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh—we show that all of the intrinsic motives of the residents have a positive influence on their tendency to participate in TVCC, except for gain motives. The findings also show a positive influence on STDPs from well-informed resident-centered motivational interactions. Besides, three distinct configurations of motives are likely to result in TVCC. These results provide in-depth knowledge of how scholars and destination business executives may consolidate collaborative residents' engagement frameworks to improve TVCC in the future.