Features of the Development of the Modern Finnish Feminist Movement

The Finnish state has created a high level of social protection for its women. Thanks to social support, Finnish women have become economically independent and have been given the opportunity for personal and professional development. Gender equality is inextricably linked to democracy, human rights and social justice. The Finnish state actively supports the women’s movement and in particular feminist organizations. The process of involving women in politics was slow. The first feminist party, Feministinen puolue, is active in Finland.

Approaching informal learning about #feminism on Twitter

Purpose In a socio-educational context impregnated by social networks, feminist organizations and individuals have turned to social media to spread their knowledge. This paper aims to approach how feminist tweets are produced to ignite meaningful informal learning (IL) processes. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an interdisciplinary mixed methodology. By using Twitter tracking tools, a database has been enabled to catalogue feminist hashtags into topics and categories for further analysis. These data have been contrasted with surveys to the managers of the most followed feminist accounts in Spain and Catalonia. Findings From an educational perspective, the analysed feminist hashtags have been organized in 13 different topic categories. The different propagation processes on Twitter – tweeting and retweeting – imply diverse learning processes. Moreover, tweets with complementary information such as images or links generate the most interaction, being the preferred format for IL. Research limitations/implications Researching with Big Data in educational sciences is a field in development, and Twitter data collection tools are mostly addressed to marketing and economic sectors; thus, free tools with limited services were used, offering the analysis of a brief and concrete situation of a platform in constant change. Although this ephemeral data and its relevance does not prevail over time, it has an impact on citizens’ learning. Originality/value It is the first study in Spain that illustrates the informal education that feminism offers to the community, facing the complexity of measuring Twitter with an educational perspective through the use of marketing tools.

The Orthodox Dichotomy between the Secular and Islamic Feminisms in Moroccan Young Activists

There has been an ongoing interest in youth activism in recent decades, especially in western countries where youth organizations and associations are very common in schools and colleges. Heather Lewis-Charp et al. confirm that although there is an increasing interest in youth political engagement, there are very few empirical studies on the subject matter (Shawn Ginwright 2006, 22). This lack of research applies to the issue of youth activism and political engagement not just in Morocco, but across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In the wake of the so-called Arab spring, the focus on youth political engagement and activism grew, given the important role of youth and other marginalized communities – especially women – in protests around the region. In Morocco, a large number of the protesters in the February 20th movement were young people; of these, many were actively associated with feminist organizations and work. This is in contrast to the continued association between feminist activism in Morocco and older generations. This chapter will start by sketching a history of feminist movements and organizations in Morocco and will follow with a discussion of recent activist work by two prominent activists, Zineb Fasiki and Youssef Gherradi.

Emotions and embodiment as feminist practice in the free abortion movement in France (1972–1984)

This article explores the critical role of emotions and bodies in the individual dynamics of engagement as well as the construction of collective identities and action in women’s groups in the 1970s in France. Much literature on emotion work in feminist organizations has tended to discuss emotions stemming from women’s dominant socialization processes as, above all, alienating, thereby as barriers to their activism. The Movement for the liberty of abortion and birth control offers essential insights into how gendered dispositions can be primary determinants of feminist collective identity formation, and even spur innovative protest practices. With their specific organizational settings and action, some ‘dissident MLACs’ in Aix-en-Provence, Lille, Lyon and Paris – those which continued to practice abortion despite its legalization and in defiance of the 1975 law which forbade them to do so – mobilized reciprocal emotions and bodily experiences to sustain engagement and serve a political project. Drawing on a wide array of biographical interviews and archival sources centred on abortion practices, the article examines the distinctive emotion culture these groups constructed. Its anchoring in bodies, commitment to emotions like tenderness and compassion, but also domestic and relational skills consecrated a gendered repertoire of action which therefore notably appealed to women whose social properties did not predispose them to collective action.

Tres contextos para la institucionalización jurídica de colectivos de mujeres y feministas en Córdoba, Argentina (1999-2015)=Three contexts for the legal institutionalization of women's and feminist groups in Córdoba, Argentina (1999-2015)

<p align="left"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Adoptando una mirada teórica situada y localizada, el presente se propuso comprender cuáles eran los objetivos de las organizaciones de mujeres y feministas; y cómo se configuraba el espacio público cordobés con anterioridad al surgimiento de la multisectorial #NiUnaMenos. Para ello, se aplicó un diseño de triangulación cualitativa intra-método, que reunía: datos documentales, entrevistas en profundidad y descripciones etnográficas. Una vez procesados los datos, se identificaron tres momentos o contexto propicios para la institucionalización jurídica de colectivos de mujeres y feministas de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina): el primero de ellos se ubica entre los años 1999 a 2003; el segundo entre los años 2007 a 2009; y el tercero entre los años 2011 a 2015.</p><p align="left"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Adopting a situated and localized theoretical perspective, this paper proposes to understand what the objectives of women’s and feminist organizations were; and how Cordoba´s public space was configured prior to the emergence of the multisectoral #NiUnaMenos. For this, a qualitative intra-method triangulation design was applied, which gathered: documentary data, in-depth interviews and ethnographic descriptions. Once the data had been processed, three moments or contexts were identified for the legal institutionalization of groups of women’s and feminist organizations in the city of Córdoba (Argentina): the first of them is located between the years 1999 to 2003; the second, between the years 2007 to 2009; and the third, between the years 2011 to 2015.</p>

Feminist Scholarly Communities Have Been a Lifeline During the Pandemic

I teach writing and literature at a community college, and I am a third-year Ph.D. candidate. Because I balance full-time teaching and graduate research, I am accustomed to the intensity of a heavy workload. Still, during this past year, my home and work responsibilities have multiplied and with that so has my anxiety. Stress and lack of time have made it challenging to write and research. However, two feminist organizations have helped me cope and remain hopeful about my scholarship.

WHAT IS BEING DONE FOR A GENDER-FRIENDLY CAMPUS CLIMATE? UNITED STATES AND TURKEY AS A CASE

Today, the process of learning is as important as the content of it as learning environments are part of the individual development. A gender-friendly campus climate that aims to create equal conditions for each student and aspires to prevent exclusion and marginalization caused by gender or sexual orientation is extremely important for the efficiency of education and individual development. Different organizations such as university administrations, feminist organizations, student and academic groups carry out various studies to constitute and maintain a gender-friendly campus climate. This article studies the collective implementations the US and Turkish Universities have been conducting to create a gender-friendly campus climate in the years of 2018 and 2019. At the end of the study, it is observed that the public sensitivity caused by adversity experienced by individuals has been an important aspect for the institutions to take action towards a gender-friendly campus climate. Moreover, research and studies of leading feminist academics have been an important fraction to guiding these steps. Also it has been enquired that ‘a standard implementation system to create a Gender-friendly campus climate’ cannot be the subject matter for every institution regardless of the country or location works in accordance within its own culture and structure.

Caught in the wave

The reception of the international #MeToo movement in Portugal has been complex and controversial. Issues of injustice regarding sexual harassment and sexual violence were always central to feminist organizations in Portugal, but the salience of these issues increased when women started to share their personal stories under #MeToo, the country’s favorite soccer star was accused of rape, and after some polemic court rulings. This paper uses a Black Feminist Thought approach and content analysis of newspaper data, to trace the political process feminist movements engaged in regarding gender-based violence. It also analyzes how #MeToo movement contributed to the visibility and framing of the issues, what collective actions were pursued, and what outcomes were achieved. The fi ndings show that the globalized #MeToo movement has contributed to revitalize the Portuguese feminist movement. New, younger, and more diverse members have joined its ranks, new feminist organizations were created, new frames were applied, and several collective actions organized, mostly in protesting court decisions. This vitality led to a more inclusive and intersectionalactivism, but also to an increasing awareness of sexual harassment and sexual violence as targets of personal, collective, and institutional change.