Need for Autonomy and Guidelines for Autonomous Colleges by University Grant Commission

Colleges with academic and operative freedom are doing better and have more credibility. The financial support to such colleges boosts the concept of autonomy. The system has now become unwieldy and it is becoming increasingly difficult for a university to attend to the varied needs of individual colleges. One of the objectives of Autonomous Colleges is to determine and prescribe its own courses of study and syllabi, and restructure and redesign the courses to suit local needs. The autonomous college is to be governed by the statutory bodies, i.e. Governing Body, Academic Council, Board of Studies and Finance Committee. The parent university will award degrees to the students evaluated and recommended by autonomous colleges.

ACRL Board of Directors’ actions: Highlights of the Board’s Midwinter and fall meetings

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, association governance has been taking place virtually since March 2020. With the ALA Midwinter Meeting taking place online, the ACRL Board met virtually in January and February. The Board held a virtual update session on January 25, 2021, and held Board meetings on January 27 and 29, 2021. In addition, the Board and Budget and Finance Committee convened for their annual joint meeting on February 2, 2021. As the Board did not meet in-person to approve confirmation of synchronous virtual actions taken during the fall meeting, this article also includes actions taken by the Board on November 16, 2020.

Structure and Composition of Board’s Committees: Analysis of Pakistan International Airlines Corporation Limited

This study aimed to explore the composition of BODs committees in PIACL. Secondary data from Annual Reports, Act, Rules and Regulations of the corporation in general and SECP recommendations i.e., the codes of CG in particular were collected. Data were analyzed in MS-Office 2016 version using MS-Excel and MS-Word. Obtained results are, the BODs can exercise their powers to form the board’s various committees, but at the same time BODs must execute their responsibilities focusing on objectives of the corporation and larger interest of stockholders in good faith and judgment, especially executing authority for the establishment of AC. BODs must confirm that none of the member's interests conflicts with the objectives of the committee. The Principal Finance Officer (CFO), inside audit officials, and officers like the chief cooperating officer (CEO) do not represent AC. However, one member of the committee must hold ample knowledge related to finance, but this does not mean that a member of the board who is linked either with financial matters or audit operations is appointed on the committee. Results further indicated that in PIACL different committees of BODs have been formed where a director in the finance committee is also appointed as member or chairman in AC in contrast to SECP codes. Similarly, various BODs have been made part of the AC, HR, IT, Procurement, Marketing (Brand and advertisement) committee. Whereas, practically it is very uncommon that an individual possesses expertise in IT, HR, Marketing, and Finance fields simultaneously as these are diverse fields, how come a person can be an expert of all disciplines at the same time? Hence, the appointment of directors in multiple committees at the same time raises a lot of questions about the independent working or decision-making of such committees.