Collisions of Nucleons with Atoms: Calculated Cross Sections and Monte Carlo Simulation

After a summary description of the theory of elastic collisions of nucleons with atoms, we present the calculation of a generic database of differential and integrated cross sections for the simulation of multiple elastic collisions of protons and neutrons with kinetic energies larger than 100 keV. The relativistic plane-wave Born approximation, with binding and Coulomb-deflection corrections, has been used to calculate a database of proton-impact ionization of K-shell and L-, M-, and N-subshells of neutral atoms These databases cover the whole energy range of interest for all the elements in the periodic system, from hydrogen to einsteinium (Z = 1–99); they are provided as part of the penh distribution package. The Monte Carlo code system penh for the simulation of coupled electron-photon-proton transport is extended to account for the effect of the transport of neutrons (released in proton-induced nuclear reactions) in calculations of dose distributions from proton beams. A simplified description of neutron transport, in which neutron-induced nuclear reactions are described as a fractionally absorbing process, is shown to give simulated depth-dose distributions in good agreement with those generated by the Geant4 code. The proton-impact ionization database, combined with the description of atomic relaxation data and electron transport in penelope, allows the simulation of proton-induced x-ray emission spectra from targets with complex geometries.

The QCD odderon in elastic (anti)proton scattering

The C-odd amplitude for the elastic pp and $$p\bar{p}$$ p p ¯ scattering due to the exchange of the QCD odderon proposed by J. Bartels, L.N. Lipatov and G.P. Vacca is calculated with the Fukugita–Kwiecinski proton impact factor. The found amplitude is very small and cannot be felt in the differential cross-sections at 2.76 and 1.96 TeV respectively.