Uncrewed Surface Vessel Technological Diffusion Depends on Cross-Sectoral Investment in Open-Ocean Archetypes: A Systematic Review of USV Applications and Drivers

Accessing the world's oceans is essential for monitoring and sustainable management of the maritime domain. Difficulty in reaching remote locations has resulted in sparse coverage, undermining our capacity to deter illegal activities and gather data for physical and biological processes. Uncrewed Surface Vessels (USVs) have existed for over two decades and offer the potential to overcome difficulties associated with monitoring and surveillance in remote regions. However, they are not yet an integral component of maritime infrastructure. We analyse 15 years of non-autonomous and semi-autonomous USV-related literature to determine the factors limiting technological diffusion into everyday maritime operations. We systematically categorised over 1,000 USV-related publications to determine how government, academia and industry sectors use USVs and what drives their uptake. We found a striking overlap between these sectors for 11 applications and nine drivers. Low cost was a consistent and central driver for USV uptake across the three sectors. Product ‘compatibility' and lack of ‘complexity' appear to be major factors limiting USV technological diffusion amongst early adopters. We found that the majority (21 of 27) of commercially available USVs lacked the complexity required for multiple applications in beyond the horizon operations. We argue that the best value for money to advance USV uptake is for designs that offer cross-disciplinary applications and the ability to operate in an unsheltered open ocean without an escort or mothership. The benefits from this technological advancement can excel under existing collaborative governance frameworks and are most significant for remote and developing maritime nations.

SAFETY CRITICAL MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS RESILIENCE: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Safety Critical Maritime Infrastructure (SCMI) systems are vulnerable to diverse risks in their challenging field of operations due to their interactions and interdependence. In addition, the multiplicity of stakeholders in these systems and the complex operational scenarios are often associated with a high level of uncertainty because they usually operate in a dynamic environment in which the boundaries of safety are pushed, leading to the disruption of operations. Therefore, the safety of these systems is very important to ensuring resilience of their operations. This research is focus on the background analysis of SCMI systems. This includes operational processes of SCMI systems, security threats and estimates of economic damage to the system, resilience engineering literature relevant to maritime operations; regulatory overview including risk governance of the systems, lessons learnt from major accidents and a concluding remark is drawn.

Environmentally friendly fish processing center in Muara Angke, Jakarta

Indonesia is the largest maritime country in the world with two thirds of its territory consisting of territorial waters. Indonesia ha more than 17,000 islands, around 5.8 million km2 of sea, and 81,000 km length of coast. Indonesia Ocean is quite extensive and the sea products are quite diverse. Samudera Indonesia produces many types of shrimp, large pelagic fish (Tuna, Sharks, etc.), with a production of 1,076,890.00 tons / year. To realize the vision of the World Maritime Axis, several things must be considered, namely, sea spatial planning and maritime infrastructure and connectivity development. To support this government plan, the author wants to develop the Muara Angke Fish Market, which is the Center for Marine Products Processing at Muara Angke with the Waterfront Themes Approach. Muara angke is a fairly large supplier of marine products in Jakarta. The sea products come not only from the catch of local fishermen, but also from other regional fishermen. Muara angke has become a center for marine product trade, therefore the development of sea product processing has been able to encourage investment and business growth in the field of marine, diverse marine products and diverse processing capable of making Muara Angke as the Center for Processing of Marine Products. Its location on the edge of the sea is also a potential for the application of the Waterfront theme.

Offshore Urban Extension of the Anse Du Portier In Monaco

As part of the Monaco offshore urban extension project, Bouygues TP is in charge of design & build a maritime infrastructure as the first step of the six-hectare expansion of the city into the sea. This maritime infrastructure consists of a fill enclosed by a band of trapezoid concrete caissons and will serve as base for construction of the new residential area. The paper focuses on some of the problems which had to be solved: optimization of promenade level and wave absorbing chambers in conjunction with minimal reflection and safety related to overtopping, accounting for sea level rise and correlation between extreme waves and water levels. caissons and rubble mound foundation stability related to waves and seism, including extra seismic forces due to buildings considering the high reclamation height and the immediate proximity of building foundations. the way in which caissons representing nearly 80,000 m3 of concrete can be built in a floating and continuous manner via a caisson box (or "caissonnier" in French), within a particularly short time frame presence of a small craft harbor with shops along the quays, whose location was fixed for urbanistic reasons, which requested optimizations in detail of anti-overtopping devices as much as possible integrated in the urban context, need to convert a breakwater caisson into a low crested swimming pool caisson, with plexiglas windows exposed to wave slamming from outside, but also from inside due to overtopping impacts over the swimming pool basin. Ecodesign has been closely associated with hydrodynamic and coastal engineering, based on estimation of wave pressures and induced velocities in the different possible locations (chambers, walls, structures toes …). The eco-friendly development strategy is based on the wide-scale deployment of a range of 11 solutions which will be described (potential for caissons to be colonized, nursery function development, etc…). Moreover, posidonia transplantation has been done via concrete open boxes, whose stability under storm waves has requested CFD calculations to model local velocities and optimize their shape.

A Decision Support Tool for Long-Term Planning of Marine Operations in Ocean Energy Projects

Ocean energy is a relevant source of clean renewable energy, and as it is still facing challenges related to its above grid-parity costs, tariffs intended to support in a structured and coherent way are of great relevance and potential impact. The logistics and marine operations required for installing and maintaining these systems are major cost drivers of marine renewable energy projects. Planning the logistics of marine energy projects is a highly complex and intertwined process, and to date, limited advances have been made in the development of decision support tools suitable for ocean energy farm design. The present paper describes the methodology of a novel, opensource, logistic and marine operation planning tool, integrated within DTOceanPlus suite of design tools, and responsible for producing logistic solutions comprised of optimal selections of vessels, port terminals, equipment, as well as operation plans, for ocean energy projects. Infrastructure selection logistic functions were developed to select vessels, ports, and equipment for specific projects. A statistical weather window model was developed to estimate operation delays due to weather. A vessel charter rate modeling approach, based on an in-house vessel database and industry experience, is described in detail. The overall operation assumptions and underlying operating principles of the statistical weather window model, maritime infrastructure selection algorithms, and cost modeling strategies are presented. Tests performed for a case study based a theoretical floating wave energy converter produced results in good agreement with reality.

“It was a jet. It was a jet. It was a jet.”

This chapter provides a background of the waterborne evacuation that happened after the events of 9/11. New York harbor was, and is, a busy place — the third largest container port in the United States and a vital connection between New York City and the rest of the world. Manhattan is an island, and the realities of island real estate are what ushered the port's industries off Manhattan's shores and over to Brooklyn, Staten Island, and New Jersey in the 1960s and 1970s. By late 2001, maritime infrastructure had been replaced with ornamental fencing. On September 11, 2001, as the cascade of catastrophe unfolded, people found their fates altered by the absence of that infrastructure and discovered themselves dependent upon the creative problem solving of New York harbor's maritime community — waterfront workers who had been thrust beyond their usual occupations and into the role of first responders. Long before the U.S. Coast Guard's call for “all available boats” crackled out over marine radios, scores of ferries, tugs, dinner boats, sailing yachts, and other vessels had begun converging along Manhattan's shores. Hundreds of mariners shared their skills and equipment to conduct a massive, unplanned rescue. Within hours, nearly half a million people had been delivered from Manhattan by boat.

THE ROLE AND ADVANTAGES OF TRA VINH PROVINCE IN SEAPORT DEVELOPMENT

The issue of developing a large seaport as a hub of goods import and export for the Mekong Delta has been posed for decades. It is not only the direction of theGovernment, but also the expectation of localities in the Southwest region which has the largest agricultural and aquacultural production for export in the nation. So far, the largest project for seaport infrastructure and navigation channel in the Mekong Delta is the Duyen Hai Power Center seaport project which can accommodate vessels of 30,000 DWT and channel for large tonnage vessels of 10,000 DWT full load to enter Hau River and 20,000 DWT offloading in Tra Vinh Province. Duyen Hai seaport (Tra Vinh) has been studied for more than 15 years, being the only area in the Mekong Delta with sufficient maritime infrastructure such as breakwaters, ports and channels for ships of up to 30,000 DWT, etc. This paper focuses on introducing the role and advantages of Tra Vinh Province in seaport development.

Evaluation and Optimization of the Life Cycle in Maritime Works

The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals are a necessity. A large number of public actions and activities in many countries go in this direction. Various indicators are used to quantitatively assess the impacts, all of which are included within product life cycle assessment. It is essential to study and assess infrastructure, as it is an important factor in emissions, as well as environmental and sustainable construction. In maritime works, the aggressiveness of seawater is an important factor that reduces the life of reinforced concrete structures, and it is necessary to search for solutions that reduce or eliminate maintenance. In this research paper, the aim is to quantitatively verify that the composite materials are viable from an environmental and resistant point of view. Concrete caissons and/or breakwater crowns for vertical breakwaters were constructed as the fundamental elements, calculating the life cycle in comparison with several contrasting examples. The first is the case of a conventional breakwater crown, built in Escombreras, southeast Spain, at the Mediterranean Sea, later simulating the impact with one reinforced with fiberglass bars. The results are encouraging and call for additional measures to further reduce maritime infrastructure indicators with much less polluting, more durable, and more sustainable solutions.