Printed Electrode for High-Performance Bow-Tie Antenna by Photonic Sintering Process

Recently, flexible electronic device technology has evolved beyond curved devices with the development of flexible/stretchable devices that can be crumpled or stretched. Both elasticity and durability are essential for these devices, which should have high-conductivity for antennas and repeatability for sensors. In addition, electronic-skins, which can have a direct impact on the human-body, should be harmless to the human-body and should not be deformed by contact with sweat or organic matter. In this study, PDMS substrates were used to satisfy the above conditions. PDMS is used to fabricate human-friendly, flexible/stretchable substrates, and it has excellent repeat durability characteristics. To improve the adhesion of these PDMS films and electrodes, conductive paste was produced based on PDMS resins of the same properties. In addition, two types of Ag particles were selected as conductive fillers because the electrode characteristics of the antenna application requires excellent conductivity, and conductive paste were produced using flake Ag, which could affect conductivity, and Ag nanoparticles that affect stretchability and repeatability. The paste was applied using a high-efficiency printing technique. The printed electrodes were cured in a thermal oven. For higher conductivity, photonic-sintering was carried out during post-processing. As a result, 1.1117×106 (S/m) had excellent conductivity, performed well in repeated tensile-durability experiments of 30% to 100 times, and produced a bow-tie antenna for the above electrodes. As a result of tensing up to 35% through a Network-Analyzer, there was no performance change in the resonance-frequency or return-loss values, and excellent electrodes were developed that would achieve excellent performance even if they are applied in the sub-frequency area of 5G-antennas in the future.

Assay of Famotidine in Pure Solutions and Pharmaceutical Preparatives using the Coated- graphite Electrode as a Detector in the FlA System

A simple electrochemical method was developed to estimate famotidine (FMT) in pure solutions and pharmaceutical preparatives by a flow-injection analysis system (FlA). This method includes preparation of a coated graphite electrode using FMT with the Phosphotungstic acid precipitant (PTA), di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and poly vinyl chloride (PVC). The electrode characteristics were examined by studying the optimum conditions, the carrier current, the injected model size, flow rate, the reaction coil length, pH, the range of concentrations, the minimum Nernst response, the response time, the detection limits, and the study also included identifying the electrode selectivity of the toward other interfering ions. The electrode showed that the best Nernst slope for the calibration curve was at 33.82 mv/decade within linear range of (1.0 × 10-6- 1.0 × 10-1M), correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9999, response time 10 seconds, the estimating speed is 90 sample/hour, while the rate of dilution degree (D) is 2.6452. The obtained results confirmed that it is of high accuracy and precision (Err 0.119%), (Rec 100.11%), (RSD 0.1233%). The proposed method was successfully applied to assay of FMT in commercial tablet forms.

Structure and reaction mechanism of binary Ni–Al oxides as materials for lithium-ion battery anodes

Using layered double hydroxide as a precursor, the negative electrode characteristics of Al3+ ion dissolved NiO were investigated. Al3+ ion shows reversible redox activity to Al when introduced into a host having electron conductivity and a lithium ion diffusion path.

Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode

Very little research on Søderberg electrodes has been published in the journal peer reviewed public domain. The main aim of this work is to characterise a Søderberg electrode that was cut off approximately 0.5 m below the contacts shoes of a submerged arc furnace. Additionally, the characterisation data can be used to verify if Søderberg electrode models accurately predict important electrode characteristics. The operational history (slipping, current, and paste levels) proved that the case study electrode was a representative specimen. The characterisation results indicated no significant electrical resistivity, degree of graphitisation (DOG), and bulk density changes from 0.7 to 2.7 m on the non-delta side (outward facing), while these characteristics changed relatively significantly on the delta side (inward facing) of the electrode. The area where the submerged arc would mostly like jump off the electrode had the lowest resistivity, as well as highest DOG and bulk density. No significant difference in porosity as a function of length below the contact shoes were observed; however, slight increases occurred near the perimeters. It was postulated that oxidation of carbon resulted in increased pore volumes near the electrode perimeter. No significant difference in compressive breaking strength was observed over the electrode area investigated.