Pacts

It deals with pacts, local bi-lateral agreements that filled the void left by the collapse of a universally-recognized central power. Like oaths of fidelity these could also be between social equals or superiors/inferiors; horizontal or vertical. They begin to be recorded in substantial numbers from c.1080, especially in the regions where the Investitures Conflict/Civil War created a situation of war and fear. In Po Plain they don’t appear until the first decade of the twelfth century. Generally speaking there is deep connection between pacts and conflict—either between the two parties involved or with a third party not included in the pact. There is interesting comment about the possible realities behind the formal ceremonies and language of pacts, for example stratagems for allowing defeated parties to ‘save face’. All of this is generally accompanied by ritual. There is an interesting section at the end of this chapter discussing the implications of pacts and the reasons for proliferation, utilizing social theory and drawing parallels with other periods and areas. In Italy it is not just that state power was ‘privatized’ as in France, but entirely new forms, structures and idioms of social relations, amongst which were pacts, emerged.

“Bringing Things Together"

The article applies the concept of tribalography, as defined by LeAnne Howe, to examine two novels by Frances Washburn, Elsie's Business and The Sacred White Turkey in order to demonstrate how Washburn participates in the discourse of native languages revitalization and thus offers an interesting comment on the potential of communal healing.

Little White Lies

Samuel Johnson has an interesting comment on consequences and the telling of “white lies.” For example “Sick People and Children are often to be deceived for their Good.” David Hume apparently endorses this concept in one of his letters. Both Johnson and Rousseau anticipate Kant’s argument about consequences in that one is to tell the truth under all circumstances. Hume, I argue, would take issue with this claim in that there are cases (like the two above) that warrant telling white lies. Elsewhere (second Enquiry) he speaks about “harmless liars” who indulge in “lying or fiction . . . in humorous stories.” And he says “Noble pride and spirit may openly display itself when one lies under calamity [defamation or slander] or opposition of any kind,” especially if the opposition puts one’s life in grave danger, so one’s self-preservation is threatened. Under situations like these, lying is justified. In regard to fiction, if lying is for the purpose of entertainment and where “truth is not of any importance,” it is permissible. These cases are discussed in some detail, and they offer, along with their analysis, a pragmatic defense of Hume’s position.

School-to-Jobs Implementation Manual: Including Fidelity and Outcome Measures

Greet participants as they enter and take attendance in a notebook—noting if on time, late, or absent. This ensures that you will quickly learn all participants’ names. Knowing names allows you to refer to participants by name, which is very positively reinforcing and increases engagement. If you need help learning names, photograph participants in Session 1; make photo nametags with names large enough for you to read and have participants pick them up at the beginning of each session (and leave them behind). Repeat names each time a person participates. This enormously increases engagement. Pay attention to the flow so that time will be adequate. Stick to the session theme by eliciting discussion focused on theme and weaving focus back to theme. This is not counseling or therapy. Do not delve deeply into a student’s life, problems, or issues. Do not go off on tangents about other information. This is not career counseling or academic guidance. Positively reinforce both speakers and listeners. Positive reinforcement is task oriented. It is specific and helps participants behave in ways that will help them stay in school. Positive reinforcement is not simply saying “good” or “great job!” or “interesting comment.” Positive reinforcement is specific; this means saying what was good or interesting about the job or comment. Examples would be (Session 1) “That was a good introduction; you gave a skill John has to succeed in next year in school.” Or (Session 10) “Great! Your group came up with questions instead of jumping right in with a solution.” Use the outline agenda as a structure guide for participants. Hang the agenda prior to the start of each session. Bring newsprint and writing material to each training session. Write participant responses on newsprint so their work in the session is visible. The newsprint serves to structure the flow and highlight themes. Responses that focus on themes relevant to the session should be organized physically on the page by placing content about a theme together without labeling and later labeling each theme as part of the connecting discussion.

The Cypriot Exemption from Evocatio and the Character of Cicero's Proconsulship

Q. Volusium, tui Tiberi generum, certum hominem et mirifice abstinentem, misi in Cyprum ut ibi pauculos dies esset, ne cives Romani pauci qui illic negotiantur ius sibi dictum negarent; nam evocari ex insula Cyprios non licet. (Cic. Att. 5.21.6)I sent Quintus Volusius, the son-in-law of your friend Tiberius, a man both trustworthy and extraordinarily moderate, to Cyprus for only a couple of days, lest the few Roman citizens who do business there should claim that they had no legal recourse available to them, since it is not permitted for Cypriots to be summoned off the island.Scholars have taken slight notice (if they mention it at all) of Cicero's interesting comment that Cypriots were exempt from evocatio, the summons of a defendant or witness to a legal proceeding by a Roman magistrate with imperium. While the legal ramifications of the ban on evocatio on Cyprus are clear, the origin of this exemption is not. The only explicit theory on its origin – Badian's argument that the prohibition was part of Lentulus' lex provinciae, a law for the formal organization of the province of Cyprus – has been influential, though it is based on tenuous evidence. Few ancient sources for Roman rule on Cyprus during the Late Republic have survived, and we must rely almost entirely on Cicero's letters. Cicero's correspondence, however, indicates (against Badian) that the ban on evocatio was a codicil of Cicero's provincial edict, and not a part of either Lentulus' lex provinciae or his provincial edict. Personal, political, and military considerations all played a role in Cicero's decision to make the citizens of Cyprus exempt from being called to the administrative gathering for the dispensation of justice and other legal and political matters known as a conventus.

Reply to a Comment on “The Appeals Process as a Means of Error Correction”

In his interesting comment on my recent article, “The Appeals Process as a Means of Error Correction,” Edward Schwartz makes two criticisms of my analysis. The criticisms have essentially to do with my assumption that an appeals court judge will base his or her decisions only on what happened at trial, and not on any inference that can be drawn from the fact that an appeal was brought. Before explaining why I do not find Schwartz's criticisms problematic, it will be helpful for me to restate the main features of the model that I examined in the article.

The Voice on the Skin: Self-Mutilation and Merleau-Ponty's Theory of Language

Self-mutilation is generally seen only as a negative response to trauma. But when trauma cannot be expressed, other forms of communication become necessary. As gestural communication, self-mutilation can reorganize and stabilize the trauma victim's world, providing a “voice on the skin” when the actual voice is forbidden. This is a plausible extension of Merleau-Ponty's gestural theory of language, and an interesting comment on his notion of “reversibility” as essential to linguistic communication.

Reply by the authors to discussion by H. Pascal and D. Rankin

The interesting comment by Pascal and Rankin discusses, inter alia, the physical basis of a equation proposed by Schlumberger. This equation expresses formation traveltimes (e.g., inverse phase velocities) derived from measurements made by Schlumberger’s electromagnetic propagation tool (EPT) as the volume weighted sum of the traveltimes of the formation constituents. Pascal and Rankin interpret this equation as implying a layered medium consisting of layers of different dielectric properties. There is no doubt that the Schlumberger traveltime equation is correct for such a layered medium if the direction of wave propagation is normal to the direction of the layering planes. This does not preclude the possibility, however, that the Schlumberger equation may provide an adequate description, at microwave frequencies, of the composite traveltimes of more complex heterogeneous systems.

The So-Called Koine Eirene of 346 B.C.

It was inevitable that somebody should suggest a Koine Eirene in the year 346 B.C. True, no ancient document or author records one. But these two words were much in the mouths of Greek statesmen in the 4th century, and much valuable work has been done on the subject in recent years. Indeed it is an interesting comment on the history of our own times that it has been reserved for the present generation of historical writers to reconstruct and understand the chapter in Greek experience which these words represent. It is probably true to say that few Greeks in the 5th century (or even earlier) regarded war as anything but a bad thing; but on the Greeks of the 4th century the greatest war of their history had left its mark without leaving an immunity from further visitations of the same disease, and as a result responsible statesmen (and not merely ordinary men and women) were now agreed that war was a very bad thing, to be preferred, in fact, only to a worse thing still, namely (for small states) to loss of autonomy, and (for the great states) to a fatal loss of prestige. The visible outcome of these feelings was a new kind of peace, Koine Eirene.

The Personal Diplomacy of Colonel House

The Intimate Papers of Colonel House1 is one of the most interesting collections of memoirs that has appeared in the post-war period. The contacts of Colonel House, as personal representative of President Wilson, with diplomats and statesmen in the stirring years of the war was probably broader than that of almost any other person, and certainly broader than that of any other American. His papers are so full of interesting comment on men and events that they furnish source material for many essays on different aspects of the times. The purpose of this article is merely to sketch Colonel House’s connection with the main international events of the Wilson Administration up to the entrance of the United States into the war. For some reason, his narrative ends with the period of American neutrality and the entrance of the United States into the war. Colonel House’s activities in connection with the war program of the United States and the Peace Conference at Paris are not related, and the world must hold its patience for a third volume on this critical period.