Asymptotic homogenization of metamaterials elastic plates

The asymptotic homogenization technique is applied to evaluate the effective properties of thin plates with periodic heterogeneity. The effect of shear deformation in the homogenization process is evidenced and the role of cell slenderness, besides that of the plate, is clarified by several numerical analyses.

Microstructure Evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy with Erbium during Homogenization

The microstructure evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with erbium was studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) during homogenization process. The results showed that there were serious component segregation in the as-cast structure of the alloy, mainly composed of T(AlZnMgCu) , S(Al2CuMg) and a small amount of Al8Cu4Er and Al7Cu2Fe. The overheating temperature of the alloy was 482.5 °C. After homogenized at 470 °C for 24 h, the dissolution of T(AlZnMgCu) phase and S(Al2CuMg) phase reached to a balance, but the residual Al8Cu4Er phase could not be dissolved completely. Compared with single-stage homogenization, Al3(Er,Zr) dispersion phase with smaller grain size and more uniform distribution can be obtained after two stage homogenization process of 400 °C for 8 h followed by 470 °C for 24 h. By comparing the residue of non-equilibrium eutectic phase, two-stage homogenization is the best.

MODIFICATION OF THE CAST STRUCTURE OF AN EN AW 2011 ALLOY WITH HOMOGENIZATION

Aluminium alloys of group 2xxx contain copper as the main alloying element. Copper increases the strength and workability of the alloy, but also reduces the corrosion resistance and weldability. During casting, a nonequilibrium solidification occurs. Therefore, the cast alloy needs to be heat treated with a so-called homogenization process. Homogenization allows us to eliminate crystalline segregations and low-melting eutectics, and also causes changes in the morphology of intermetallic phases. The forming ability is in this way increased. In this research the subject of the investigations was the aluminium alloy with designation EN AW 2011 (AlCuBiPb), whereas the comparative analysis before and after homogenization annealing was made. Homogenization was conducted at 520 °C for 6 h. First, slices from two rods before and after homogenization were cut out, where three samples from each slice of the rod, namely in the middle, on D/4 and at the edge of the slice were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on all six samples, the results were compared with each other in order to establish the structure homogeneity before and after the homogenization process through the cross-section of the rod. Samples for light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also prepared, whereas the phase composition and chemical homogeneity were analysed. Using the Thermo-Calc program, the nonequilibrium solidification was simulated and the phase formation during solidification was examined. From the obtained results, it was concluded that the homogenization was carried out successfully, due to a homogeneous chemical distribution in the examined phases and to a fairly homogeneous chemical composition throughout the cross-section of the rod slice.