Experimental study on the influence of aerated gas pressure and confining pressure on low-rank coal gas adsorption process

To deeply study the variation characteristics of the gas content in the process of gas adsorption for coal samples under different gas pressures and confining pressures, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to carry out experimental research on the gas adsorption of coal. The relationship between the T2 spectrum amplitude integral and the gas quantity was analyzed. The results show the following: (1) When the samples were inflated for 11 h at each gas pressure point (0.31, 0.74, 1.11, and 1.46 MPa), after ∼5 h of adsorption, the amount of adsorbed gas exceeded 85.0% of the total adsorption capacity; additionally, as the adsorption time increased, the amount of adsorbed gas gradually tended to stabilize. When the gas pressure was >1 MPa, the amount of adsorbed gas exceeded 90.0% of the total adsorption capacity; Higher the pressure of aerated gas, greater the gas pressure gradient or concentration gradient on the surface of the coal sample and the greater the driving force for gas molecules to seep or diffuse into the coal sample. (2) When the samples were inflated for 11 h at each confining pressure point (3, 4, 5, and 7 MPa), the adsorbed gas increased by ∼85.0% of the total adsorbed gas in the first 5 h. When the pressure was <5 MPa, the amount of adsorbed gas exceeded 85.0% of the total amount of adsorption; that is, the increase in adsorbed gas was the largest at ∼5 h in the adsorption process for the columnar coal sample under different confining pressures, and the increase was ∼5.0% from 7–11 h. When the large pores in the coal sample closed, the amount of gas that seeped into the deep part of the coal sample within the same aeration time was reduced.

Effect of Proximal Dome and Distal Chevron Osteotomies on Plantar Pressures and Radiographic and Functional Outcomes in Hallux Valgus Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis

Background No detailed comparative studies have been performed regarding plantar pressure changes between proximal dome and distal chevron osteotomies. This study aimed to compare radiographic and plantar pressure changes after distal chevron and proximal dome osteotomies and to investigate the effect of radiographic and plantar pressure changes on clinical outcomes. Methods This study included 26 and 22 patients who underwent distal chevron and proximal dome osteotomies, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot scores were used to evaluate pain and functional outcomes. Hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, talar–first metatarsal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle were measured in the evaluation of radiographic outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative plantar pressure changes were evaluated. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index, or AOFAS forefoot and VAS scores. In the proximal dome group, the pressure measurement showed significant lateralization of the maximal anterior pressure point in the forefoot (P &lt; .001). In addition, the postoperative calcaneal inclination angle was significantly lower (P = .004) and the talar–first metatarsal angle was significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in the proximal dome group. Postoperative transfer metatarsalgia was observed in one patient (3.8%) in the distal chevron group and five (22.7%) in the proximal dome group (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Proximal dome osteotomy led to more lateralization of the maximum anterior pressure point, decreased calcaneal inclination angle and first metatarsal elevation, and related higher transfer metatarsalgia.

Transfer and generalization of learned manipulation between unimanual and bimanual tasks

Successful object manipulation, such as preventing object roll, relies on the modulation of forces and centers of pressure (point of application of digits on each grasp surface) prior to lift onset to generate a compensatory torque. Whether or not generalization of learned manipulation can occur after adding or removing effectors is not known. We examined this by recruiting participants to perform lifts in unimanual and bimanual grasps and analyzed results before and after transfer. Our results show partial generalization of learned manipulation occurred when switching from a (1) unimanual to bimanual grasp regardless of object center of mass, and (2) bimanual to unimanual grasp when the center of mass was on the thumb side. Partial generalization was driven by the modulation of effectors’ center of pressure, in the appropriate direction but of insufficient magnitude, while load forces did not contribute to torque generation after transfer. In addition, we show that the combination of effector forces and centers of pressure in the generation of compensatory torque differ between unimanual and bimanual grasping. These findings highlight that (1) high-level representations of learned manipulation enable only partial learning transfer when adding or removing effectors, and (2) such partial generalization is mainly driven by modulation of effectors’ center of pressure.

SYURA DAN LEGITIMASI UMAT DALAM SUKSESI KEPEMIMPINAN KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN

In tracing history, the first problem that was questioned after the death of Muhammad Rasulullah was the problem of political power or his successor who would lead the ummah, commonly known as the caliph. The Qur'an as the main source of reference and the Sunnah does not provide a clear and clear explanation of who has the right to continue the leadership of the ummah after Muhammad's death, and how the succession system or method of appointing leaders in selecting the successor of the Prophet's caliph. So it is not surprising that in the course of the succession system in the appointment of the successor of the Prophet, especially in the appointment of Khulafaur Rasyidin, there were always differences in the ways between one caliph and another. In the matter of leadership succession, the issue of deliberation or shura and the legitimacy of the people or the people does not really get more attention and a significant pressure point, if it is traced in more detail, the issue of shura and the legitimacy of the people or people are two things that always exist in every succession of Khulafaur Rasyidin's leadership. So it is very important in discussing the succession of Khulafaur Rasyidin's leadership in relation to issues of deliberation or shura and the legitimacy of the people. Abstrak Dalam penelusuran terhadap sejarah, permasalahan pertama yang dipersoalkan setelah wafatnya Muhammad Rasulullah adalah masalah kekuasaan politik atau pengganti beliau yang akan memimpin umat, yang lazim disebut dengan khalifah. Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber acuan utama dan Sunnah tidak memberikan penjelasan secara terang dan jelas tentang siapa yang berhak untuk melanjutkan kepemimpinan umat pasca wafatnya Muhammad, dan bagaimana sistem suksesi atau metode pengangkatan pemimpin dalam melakukan pemilihan terhadap khalifah pengganti Rasul. Sehingga tidak mengherankan dalam perjalannya sistem suksesi dalam pengangkatan khalifah pengganti Rasul terutama dalam pengangkatan Khulafaur Rasyidin selalu terjadi perbedaan cara antara khalifah yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam persoalan suksesi kepemimpinan persoalan musyawarah atau syura dan legitimasi umat atau rakyat tidak terlalu mendapat perhatian yang lebih dan titik tekan yang signifikan, jika ditelusuri lebih detail persoalan syura dan legitimasi rakyat atau umat merupakan dua hal yang selalu ada dalam setiap suksesi kepemimpinan Khulafaur Rasyidin. Sehingga sangat penting dalam membahas suksesi kepemimpinan Khulafaur Rasyidin dalam kaitannya dengan persoalan musyawarah atau syura dan legitimasi umat.

From the History of Nihilism In Russia: “Vekhi” and Frank

In the article, the attempt is made to comprehend the influence of the ideology of nihilism on the social condition of Russia after the defeat of the 1905 revolution. Leading Russian philosophers (N. A. Berdyaev, S. N. Bulgakov, M. O. Gershenzon, A. S. Izgoev, B. A. Kistyakovsky, P. B. Struve, S. L. Frank) in the collection of articles “Vekhi”, published in 1909, spoke about the role of the Russian intelligentsia in this revolution. The release of the collection caused a fierce debate in the society. We settled on the article by S. L. Frank (“Ethics of Nihilism”), which was devoted to the phenomenon of Russian nihilism. In his opinion, the enthusiasm of the intelligentsia in the ideas of nihilism was a pressure point in the failure of their participation in the revolution. The article attempts to consider the manifestations of nihilism in Russia, which was not only an “academic philosophical theory”, but also an important factor in influencing the events of the Russian revolution. Frank understood nihilism as the non-recognition of absolute values (truth, justice, freedom, beauty). Moralism, namely nihilistic moralism is the essence of the worldview of the Russian intelligentsia. And Frank, in his article, argues that the Russian intelligentsia must reconsider old values and acquire new ones, – the values of creative religious humanism.

Pressure Point Thresholds and ME/CFS Comorbidity as Indicators of Patient’s Response to Manual Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia

Current pharmacological treatments of Fibromyalgia (FM) are merely symptom palliative, as clinical trials have so far failed to provide overall benefits without associated harms. Polypharmacy often leads to patient’s health deterioration and chronic drug use to an eventual lack of patient’s response. Emerging evidence supports that physiotherapy treatments based on mechanical triggers improve FM symptoms and therefore could be used for therapeutic purposes by themselves or in combination with current pharmacological treatments, as part of integrative medicine programs. However, a paucity of studies rigorously and systematically evaluating this possibility exists. This study uses scores from validated standardized questionnaires, algometer pressure point threshold (PPT) readings and responses from a custom self-developed questionnaire to determine the impact of a pressure-controlled custom manual protocol on FM hyperalgesia/allodynia, fatigue and patient’s quality of life. The results show that patient’s baseline sensitivity to pain inversely correlates with treatment response in FM. Moreover, post-stratification analysis unexpectedly reveals that patients presenting comorbid ME/CFS do not seem to respond to the applied therapy as those presenting FM only. Therefore, pre-treatment PPTs and ME/CFS comorbidity may serve as indicators to predict patient’s response to physiotherapy programs based on mechanical triggers. Further exploration of these findings is granted. In addition, the study of gene expression profiles in the blood collection generated by this study should help unveil the molecular mechanisms behind patient’s differential response to manual therapy.

Turkey key pressure point for Karabakh truce diplomacy

Headline TURKEY/CAUCASUS: Ankara resists pressure for truce

Pressure Point Threshold and ME/CFS comorbidity as Indicators of Physiotherapy Response in Fibromyalgia

Current pharmacological treatments of Fibromyalgia (FM) are merely symptom palliative, as clinical trials have so far failed to provide overall benefits without associated harms. Polypharmacy often leads to patient&acute;s health deterioration and chronic drug use to an eventual lack of patient&acute;s response. Emerging evidence support that physiotherapy treatments based on mechanical triggers improve FM symptoms and therefore could be used for therapeutic purposes by themselves, or in combination with current pharmacological treatments, as part of integrative medicine programs. However, a paucity of studies rigorously and systematically evaluating this possibility exists. This study uses scores from validated standardized questionnaires, algometer pressure point threshold (PPT) readings and responses from a custom self-developed questionnaire to determine the impact of a pressure-controlled manual protocol on FM hyperalgesia/allodynia, fatigue and patient&acute;s quality of life. The results show that patient&acute;s baseline sensitivity to pain inversely correlates with treatment response in FM. Moreover, patients presenting comorbid ME/CFS do not seem to respond to the applied therapy as those presenting FM only. Thus, pre-treatment PPTs and ME/CFS comorbidity may serve as indicators to predict patient&acute;s response to physiotherapy programs based on mechanical triggers, as the one evaluated here. These unexpected findings grant further explorations including the study of gene expression profiles associating to patient&acute;s treatment response in the blood collection of samples generated by this study.