THE DEPENDENCE OF THE PROJECTION STRUCTURE ON SOME TYPES OF TEAM SPORTS

The analysis of social representations of students of the physical education university, studying in the specialization of sports games, is carried out in this paper. Volleyball, basketball, handball, badminton and tennis players were involved in the project as probationers. The identification of these social representations performed using the projective technique named as «House. A brief description of qualitative methods, including content analysis, is given.

THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON STRESS COPING STYLES

Problem statement. The article presents the theoretical and empirical research of three stress coping styles: adaptive, relatively adaptive, maladaptive. The special attention is paid to the empirical study on each style components: personal reactions to stress, psychological defence, endurance under aggressive work conditions and threats to life, fast resources recovery after stress, ability to build partnerships, responsibility and determination, a set of adequate reactions to stress. Objective. To carry out an empirical research of police patrol officers’ stress coping styles. Research Methods. The diagnostic base included the following methods: E. Heim’s method examining coping strategies, “Don’t let a person fall” express-diagnostics of A. Smirnova (projective technique), “Assessment of nervous and mental tension” of T. Nemchin, “A person under rain” (projective technique) of A. Romanova and T. Sitko, the inquirer of the social-psychological adaptation of C.Rogers and R.Diamond, “Transactional analysis of communication” of E. Ilyin. Research results. Most respondents with adaptive style of stress overcoming in extreme conditions apply successful coping strategies (66%), they quickly recover lost resources, are prone to partner communication, responsible, show leadership qualities, find a way out of situations and are able to lead others, feel protected in a stressful situation, are able to perform duties under aggressive working conditions, rarely get into critical situations because they always carefully calculate all possible variants of events and try to foresee everything that can happen, in a critical situation they are not confused and can do everything necessary to correct what has happened. Patrol officers with the maladaptive style are unable to work in extreme working conditions, feel unprotected in aggressive conditions, and react to stress naively and timidly.

Psychosomatic Behavior Style of Patients With Syphilis in Connection With Their Psychological Defenses

The article presents the results of the clinical and psychological study of the styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of syphilis (30 people) took part in the research. The following methods were used: questionnaire “Lifestyle index” by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman and H. R. Conte; questionnaire of psychosomatic behavior styles by V. М. Byzova, A. E. Loviagina, E. I. Perikova; “Individually typological questionnaire” by L. N. Sobchik; the projective technique “Drawing of a Man”. The patients of the selected group demonstrate the predominance of cognitive and behavioral styles of psychosomatic behavior and such psychological defenses as projection, denial, rationalization. Types of connections that were determined between styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses: the direct connection of the cognitive (r=0.317, P<0.05) and behavioral (r=0.657, P<0.01) styles of psychosomatic response with rationalization; moderate positive connection between the behavioral style of psychosomatic behavior and repression (r=0.380, P<0.05) as well as regression (r=0.398, P<0.05); reverse connection (r= −0.327, P<0.05) between the emotional style of psychosomatic behavior and displacement.

Exploring Dialogic Position of Psychology Students in Educational Process

The process of psychotherapeutic practice requires the psychologist to be able to engage in dialogue. To date, no express tests have been developed to assess the dialogic position. In the course of theoretical analysis we identified the main views on understanding the dialogic position, qualities that contribute to its development (empathy, reflectivity, personality orientation in communication) and developed a projective technique for its assessment. The expression of these qualities was in- vestigated in 80 students of biotechnology and clinical psychology programmes. The sample was represented by one experimental (20 subjects) and three control groups (20 subjects each). The following research techniques were applied: “Reflectivity as a psychological attribute” by A.R. Karpov; “Assessment of empathy levels” by V.V. Boyko; “Personality orientation in communication” by S.N. Bratchenko. Analysis of the results’ factor structure showed the presence of three fac- tors closely related to empathy, reflectivity, features of dialogic orientation and dialogic position. The study confirmed the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the orientation of the educational process and the development of the dialogic position. The procedure of verification of the developed technique con- firmed its effectiveness in assessing the dialogic position.

The Readiness of Leading and Teaching Staff to Develop Students’ Sociocultural Competence in the Inclusive Learning Environment

The article aims to identify the level of readiness among the leading and teaching staff to develop students’ sociocultural competence in the inclusive learning environment. The survey of 626 respondents, projective technique, essays, and expert evaluation of in-class and out-class activities revealed a low level of readiness among the leading and teaching staff. They have to improve their work to develop students’ sociocultural competence after analysing the inclusive learning environment.

Lonely, homesick and struggling: undergraduate students and intention to quit university

Purpose This paper outlines a variety of the research on student attrition and recognises some of the sensitivities that may be involved for some students in dealing with dropping out of university. This paper claims that because of these sensibilities, some student’s responses to direct questions about the reasons for attrition may be biased by social desirability. The purpose of this paper is to get beyond social desirability bias to examine a fuller range of reasons for student retention and attrition. Design/methodology/approach In an exploratory investigation, this research study uses a projective technique which helps to circumvent the conscious defences of respondents. The projective technique is based on the “thematic apperception test” and uses a “bubble drawing” to elicit emotional and more socially undesirable responses. Findings All first-year students appear to consider leaving university, and emotional considerations involving loneliness and homesickness are much more prominent than most quantitative studies acknowledge. For example, in this research, social concerns are twice as prominent as financial concerns, whereas in past survey research, financial concerns have been identified as most prominent. Practical implications To retain students, universities need to provide new students with real care and support, especially in their first few weeks at university. To study retention comprehensively, researchers need to go beyond the confines of positivist research. Originality/value This is the first study that uses a projective technique to investigate student retention and attrition. By going beyond a merely positivist approach to research, a fuller, deeper and more complete understanding of the wide extent and profound nature of the emotional issues involved in student attrition and retention is gained.

Self-Attitude and Body Image Satisfaction in Women with Alopecia at Different Stages of Chemotherapy

Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used in various oncological diseases are often accompanied by the unwanted and uncontrolled appearance defects. The presence of an acquired visible difference is a significant source of stress, which is often ignored. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between self-attitude and body image satisfaction in women with alopecia undergoing chemotherapy for cancer of the reproductive system. The study involved 20 women (mean age 52,15 years) without alopecia who start a course of chemotherapy treatment, and 20 women (mean age 51,55 years) with alopecia provoked by 10-40 courses of chemotherapy. An empirical study was conducted at the Ryazan Regional Clinical Oncology Center. Respondents were asked to fill out the Scale for assessing the level of satisfaction with the own body (O.A. Skugarevsky), the Self-Attitude Questionnaire (S.R. Pantileev), and to perform the projective technique “Human Figure Drawing” (K. Machover, F. Goodenough). Based on the obtained empirical data, specific regression models were revealed for each sample, demonstrating the dependence of self-attitude on the self-assessment of various components of the body image. In the experimental group of patients without alopecia, an adaptive level of self-acceptance is underlied by the high self-esteem of the external appearance of the chest (p=0,028), ears (p=0,039), and hair (p=0,017). Self-attachment among respondents in this group is determined by self-esteem of the abdomen (p=0,037). In the experimental group of patients with alopecia, other components of self-attitude were the most significant. The level of self-accusation is determined by the self-esteem of the pelvic region (p=0,048), ears (p=0,043), and hair (p=0,047). The reflected Self-attitude is determined to self-esteem of the chest (p=0,029), back (p=0,032), and arms (p=0,027). The patterns revealed in each sample are confirmed by the results of the projective technique “Human Figure Drawing”. Women with cancer of the reproductive organs, both before and after chemotherapy, mainly pay attention to those components of the body image that are associated with femininity and physical attractiveness, as well as those that undergo severe changes in the process of radical treatment.

Intra-European Mobility of Skilled Expatriates and Place-Identity: Interwoven Social Representations of Rome and Warsaw

This paper discusses the influence of social representations of a destination city on the motivation and development of individual mobility patterns, using questionnaires with a projective technique and guided interviews. The participants were 60 skilled expatriates in two different European capital cities: Italians residing in Warsaw and Poles residing in Rome. The study demonstrates the relevance of place-identity for the meaning of place within urban culture, in the context where global and local issues are interwoven. It also features the transformation of social representations of the two cities.

STUDY OF IDEAS ABOUT RESPONSIBLE FATHERHOOD IN YOUNG PEOPLE WHO DO NOT HAVE THEIR OWN CHILDREN

The problem of studying the ideas of responsible fatherhood in young people aged 18 to 25 years, who do not have their own children has been considered. An empirical study of the existing attitudes towards responsible paternity in young people at this age has been presented. Fatherhood as a dynamic, socio-cultural phenomenon, which has a clear image in every culture, as well as fixed in national traditions and ideas, has been revealed. A projective technique “Unfinished sentences” has been carried out to identify unconscious attitudes to fatherhood, reveal constructive and non-constructive components of these concepts. The aim of the study is to identify ideas about responsible fatherhood in young people in this age group.