Metamaterial Based Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Technology-enabled IoT Devices and its applications

In the present era of the digital world, demand for IoT based smart devices has seen tremendous growth. These devices involve real-time human-to-machine communication and interaction. Communication of uninterrupted quality depends on the high bandwidth and speed of the internet. The development of 5G wireless network technology is the response to the crucial factors that lead to this demand, because of its ability to provide extremely fast internet speed, high bandwidth, high performance, reduced latency, and high reliability. In this research work, the authors have developed a metamaterial-based multi-band microstrip rectangular shape patch antenna with a wide high-performance bandwidth because of the demand. The proposed design has a low dielectric constant of 2.2, which is of Rogers RT/Duroid substrate, and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0010. The design has a resonant frequency of 26 GHz. The simulations carried out using FEKO software has been analyzed for performance. The simulation and analysis reveal a good return loss of -34.4 dB at 26 GHz, -13.49 dB at 40 GHz, -13.63 dB at 53.5 GHz, high bandwidth of 5.368 GHz at 26 GHz, 3.76 GHz at 40 GHz, 2.88 GHz at 53.5 GHz, desirable voltage standing wave ratio, 1⩽VSWR⩽ 2, high gain of 10 dBi at 26 GHz, 5 dBi at 40 GHz, and high antenna radiation efficiency of 99.7 % at 26 GHz, and 61% at 40 GHz, 50% at 53.5 GHz. The bandwidth, return loss, antenna radiation efficiency and power density indicate an improvement of 5.368 GHz to 5.630 GHz, -34.82 dB to -57.10 dB, 99.7 % to 99.8 % and 2208 kW/m2 to 2800 kW/m2 respectively after loading and incorporating artificial magnetic split-ring resonator-based metamaterial on the patch. Further improvement is also seen at other frequencies. The proposed design has immense benefits for humanity due to its improved capacity to manage larger connected IoT devices in the fields of Industrial 4.0, Healthcare 4.0, Autonomous Vehicles, Agriculture 4.0, Education, Climate Change, Sustainability, and Oceanography.

Cross-Pol Pattern Effects of Parabolic Reflector Antennas on the Performance of Spaceborne Quad-Pol SAR Systems

The ambiguity performance related to the image quality of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system can be categorized into range ambiguity, azimuth ambiguity, and cross ambiguity depending on the cause of the ambiguity signals. The ambiguity performance is affected by the operational method and antenna radiation patterns of an SAR system. In this paper, the effect of the antenna cross-polarization (cross-pol) pattern on the ambiguity performance of a spaceborne quadrature polarimetric (quad-pol) SAR system using an X-band reflector antenna was analyzed. Two methods, conventional quad-pol SAR and hybrid quad-pol SAR systems, have been proposed as quad-pol SAR operational concepts for system performance analysis. We proposed a process to effectively analyze the effect of the antenna cross-pol pattern and showed this through a comparison of several analysis methods. In addition, the difference in antenna radiation patterns according to the size and structure of reflector antennas was compared, and the effects were described in detail. In conclusion, the larger the antenna and the more complex the structure, the greater the effect of the antenna cross-pol pattern, leading to a similar phenomenon as the two quad-pol SAR systems.