CSGBBNet: An Explainable Deep Learning Framework for COVID-19 Detection

The COVID-19 virus has swept the world and brought great impact to various fields, gaining wide attention from all walks of life since the end of 2019. At present, although the global epidemic situation is leveling off and vaccine doses have been administered in a large amount, confirmed cases are still emerging around the world. To make up for the missed diagnosis caused by the uncertainty of nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, utilizing lung CT examination as a combined detection method to improve the diagnostic rate becomes a necessity. Our research considered the time-consuming and labor-intensive characteristics of the traditional CT analyzing process, and developed an efficient deep learning framework named CSGBBNet to solve the binary classification task of COVID-19 images based on a COVID-Seg model for image preprocessing and a GBBNet for classification. The five runs with random seed on the test set showed our novel framework can rapidly analyze CT scan images and give out effective results for assisting COVID-19 detection, with the mean accuracy of 98.49 ± 1.23%, the sensitivity of 99.00 ± 2.00%, the specificity of 97.95 ± 2.51%, the precision of 98.10 ± 2.61%, and the F1 score of 98.51 ± 1.22%. Moreover, our model CSGBBNet performs better when compared with seven previous state-of-the-art methods. In this research, the aim is to link together biomedical research and artificial intelligence and provide some insights into the field of COVID-19 detection.

Multiplexed single-molecule analysis of human telomerase synthesizing DNA

Genomic stability in proliferating cells critically depends on telomere maintenance by telomerase reverse transcriptase. Here we developed a real-time single-molecule RNA sequencing approach that visualizes telomerase catalysis and structural dynamics at single-nucleotide resolution using FRET and zero-mode waveguides. The method permits direct detection of dynamic steps and structural states throughout the telomerase catalytic cycle and can be generalized to other nucleic acid polymerase systems.