Case Report: A Domestic Sponge Brush Used to Clean a Milk Feeding Bottle: The Source of Neonatal Meningitis Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relatively rare cause of neonatal meningitis, and most patients have serious underlying diseases, prematurity, immunodeficiency, or anatomical abnormalities. We report the case of a 7-day-old girl with meningitis caused by P. aeruginosa. She was born full-term and had no immunodeficiency or anatomical abnormalities as far as our investigation ascertained. Through the use of anti-Pseudomonas antibiotics, she recovered without any complications other than a slight hearing disability revealed by audiology testing. P. aeruginosa was also isolated from a domestic sponge brush used to clean her milk bottle. Physicians should consider P. aeruginosa as a possible pathogen of neonatal meningitis even in full-term infants with no immunodeficiency or anatomical abnormalities. Physicians should give advice concerning appropriate hygiene practices to be applied to the neonate's environment.

Communicating Returnable Packaging Through Product Labelling

This research seeks to find effective ways to communicate returnable packaging campaigns to consumers through product labelling. This is an important line of inquiry as more and more countries are rolling out regulations that penalize companies for their wasteful practices. Knowing how to encourage people to engage with returnable packaging campaigns will be of great interest to future marketers and sustainability practitioners. This research uses experimental approach with the use of online questionnaires showcasing different label messages. Results show that the conventional method of tapping into the altruistic side of human nature with guilt-inducing messages is ineffective for the population at large. Embracing the self-enhancing, gain-seeking, pain-eliminating side of human nature results in a bigger pro-environmental behaviour change. Making the process of “doing the right thing” easier resulted in the higher willingness to return an empty milk bottle among participants when compared to financial rewards, social modelling, and justification.

Communicating Returnable Packaging Through Product Labelling

This research seeks to find effective ways to communicate returnable packaging campaigns to consumers through product labelling. This is an important line of inquiry as more and more countries are rolling out regulations that penalize companies for their wasteful practices. Knowing how to encourage people to engage with returnable packaging campaigns will be of great interest to future marketers and sustainability practitioners. This research uses experimental approach with the use of online questionnaires showcasing different label messages. Results show that the conventional method of tapping into the altruistic side of human nature with guilt-inducing messages is ineffective for the population at large. Embracing the self-enhancing, gain-seeking, pain-eliminating side of human nature results in a bigger pro-environmental behaviour change. Making the process of “doing the right thing” easier resulted in the higher willingness to return an empty milk bottle among participants when compared to financial rewards, social modelling, and justification.

Injury alters motivational trade-offs in calves during the healing period

Injury can produce long-lasting motivational changes that may alter decisions made under risk. Our objective was to determine whether a routine painful husbandry procedure, hot-iron disbudding, affects how calves trade off risk avoidance against a competing motivation (i.e., feeding), and whether this response depends on time since injury. We used a startle test to evaluate this trade-off in calves disbudded 0 or 21 days previously and non-injured control calves. For 3 days, calves were individually habituated to the testing arena in which they received a 0.5 L milk meal via a rubber teat. On the 4thday, upon approaching the milk reward, the calf was startled by a sudden noise. We assessed the duration and magnitude of the calf’s startle response, their latency to return to the milk bottle, and duration spent suckling after startling. No treatment differences were observed in the duration and magnitude of the startle response or in the probability of returning to the bottle after startling. However, among those who did return, disbudded calves spent longer suckling, indicating they accepted more risk in order to feed compared to controls. In addition, calves with 21-day-old injuries tended to return to the bottle faster compared to newly disbudded calves and controls. We suggest that hot-iron disbudding increases calves’ motivation to suckle, as they were more likely to prioritize this behaviour over risk avoidance compared to control calves. This effect was most evident 21 days after disbudding, indicating that injury can produce long-term changes in motivational state.

KORELASI KEBERSIHAN BOTOL SUSU DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BAYI USIA 1-12 BULAN

Acute Respiratory Infection is an acute infection involving upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. This infection is causedby viruses, fungi and bacteria. At the end of 2000, ISPA reached 6 cases among 1000 babies and toddlers. In 2003, cases of infant mortality due to ISPA as many as 5 out of 1000 children under five. This study aimed at determining the relationship of Cleaning the Milk Bottle With Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence. The research design was analytical method with cross sectional approach. The population was 57 people and sample size was 30 respondents who had infants during January - April 2017 who got acute respiratory infection. The sampling technique was Accidental sampling. Data of cleaning milk bottle were collected by interviewing mothers who had babies 1-12 months while data of the incidence of acute respiratory infection based on medical record of respondens. Data scored and analyzed by spearman rank statistical test. Based on result of research got 46,7% or 14 responden, the cleaning of milk bottle were less cathegory and 73,3% or 22 respondens had acute respiratory infection. Result of statistic test showed ρ ≤ 0,05. the ρ value = 0,000. It was concluded H˳ refused and Hı accepted which mean there was correlation between the cleaning milk bottle with the incidence of acute respiratory infection at infant. The researcher suggested to health workers and mothers to pay more attention to health care for their babies and the environment.

Design and Simulation Analysis of Lightweight HDPE Milk Bottle

A lightweight design is proposed for a 2800 ml HDPE milk bottle. In designing the bottle, a three-dimensional elastic-plastic dynamic finite element model is first constructed to explore the effect of the bottle thickness on the critical load and stress distribution. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed by comparing the numerical results for the load-displacement response of the bottle with the experimental results. A parametric analysis is then performed to examine the effects of the body thickness and bottom thickness on the critical load and weight of the HDPE bottle. The results show that the critical load increases with an increasing body thickness, but is insensitive to the bottom thickness. Finally, a lightweight design is proposed in which the structural shape of the original bottle is retained, but the thickness is varied in different regions of the body in order to reduce the weight. It is shown that the redesigned bottle achieves the same maximum top-load 315 N, but reduces the weight by 21.4% compared to the reference design obtained in the parametric analysis.

HUBUNGAN HIGIENITAS BOTOL SUSU DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KELAYAN TIMUR BANJARMASIN

Diarrhea is a contagious disease which still become public health main issue in the world includes Indonesia. South Borneo is in the twentieth province with most frequent diarrhea incident. Kelayan Timur is the second most frequent diarrhea incident public health center in Banjarmasin. One of the risk factors for diarrhea is milk bottle hygiene. This research aimed to understand the correlation between milk bottle hygiene and diarrhea incident in Kelayan Timur Public Health Center. This was analytic observational research with case control study. The data analyzed using a chi square test and prevalence odds ratio. There were 66 samples with 33 samples of case group which showed 21 samples (63,63%) of poor milk bottle hygiene and 12 samples (36,36%) of good milk bottle hygiene meanwhile in control group, there were 11 samples (33,33%) of poor milk bottle hygiene and 22 sample (66,66%) of good milk bottle hygiene. Analysis result shows p value=0,014 and OR=3,5 which means there is significant relation of milk bottle hygiene and diarrhea incident in Kelayan Timur Public Health Center. Infants with poor hygiene milk bottle have 3,5 times higher risk to suffer from diarrhea than infants with good hygiene. Keywords: milk bottle hygiene, diarrhea, Kelayan Timur Public Health Center Abstrak: Diare adalah penyakit infeksi menular yang masih menjadi masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Kalimantan Selatan menduduki urutan kedua puluh dari semua provinsi yang tercatat sebagai daerah penyumbang diare terbanyak. Kelayan Timur adalah puskesmas dengan kejadian diare terbanyak kedua di Banjarmasin. Salah satu dari faktor risiko diare adalah higienitas botol susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan higienitas botol susu dengan kejadian diare di wilayah Puskesmas Kelayan Timur. Penelitian bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dan prevalence odds ratio.Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 66 sampel, dimana 33 sampel yang diambil sebagai kelompok kasus menunjukkan 21 sampel (63,63%) dengan higienitas botol susu yang buruk dan 12 sampel (36,36%) dengan higienitas botol susu yang baik, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol terdapat 11 sampel (33,33%) dengan higienitas botol susu yang buruk dan 22 sampel (66,66%) dengan higienitas botol susu yang baik. Hasil analisis mendapatkan nilai p=0,014 dan OR=3,5 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara higienitas botol susu dengan kejadian diare di wilayah Puskesmas Kelayan Timur. Balita dengan higienitas botol susu yang buruk berisiko 3,5 kali lebih besar untuk menderita diare dibanding dengan higienitas botol susu yang baik. Kata-kata kunci:higienitas botol susu, diare, Puskesmas Kelayan Timur