THE INFLUENCE OF ASYNCHRONOUS BLENDED PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON RETENTION AND LEARNING MOTIVATION OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS

Background: According to 21st century priorities in the Global Strategy On Human Resources For Health: Workforce 2030, the abilities of medical practices must be appropiate with the demands of the society. To realize the abilities of medical practices which are apropriate with the demands of the society, are using learning methods that encourage a more active learning process, thereby encouraging the activation of long term memory through the introduction of realistic and contextual cases that can increase the cognitive retention of students. Problem based learning method (PBL) has several limitations. One of them is the high demand of educators in number. Asynchronous blended problem based learning method (ABLE-PBL) is an instructional innovation that may be used in midwifery school institutions that have limited number of educators but they want to optimize the learning process and produce quality graduates who are competent in accordance with the demands of the society. The aim of this study is to know the influence of ABLE-PBL and PBL method on cognitive retention and student learning motivation.Method: This study conducted using a quantitative approach with total sample 37 Universitas Padjadjaran Midwifery students who are fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from March to June 2018 by cross over method.Results: This study showed that there was no difference between retention score 1 and retention score 2 of intervention group (ABLE-PBL) and control group (PBL) by using mann-whitney test (p > 0,05), ABLE-PBL and PBL had no difference in affecting cognitive retention and motivation by using chi square test (p > 0.05).Conclusion: ABLE-PBL method and PBL method has no difference in affecting cognitive retention and student learning motivation.

Normative Data for Derived Measures and Discrepancy Scores for the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery

Objective The Uniform Data Set 3.0 (UDS 3.0) neuropsychological battery is a recently published battery intended for clinical research with older adult populations. While normative data for the core measures has been published, several additional discrepancy and derived scores can also be calculated. We present normative data for Trail Making Test (TMT) A & B discrepancy and ratio scores, semantic and phonemic fluency discrepancy scores, Craft Story percent retention score, Benson Figure percent retention score, difference between verbal and visual percent retention, and an error index. Method Cross-Sectional data from 1803 English speaking, cognitively normal control participants were obtained from the NACC central data repository. Results Descriptive information for derived indices is presented. Demographic variables, most commonly age, demonstrated small but significant associations with the measures. Regression values were used to create a normative calculator, made available in a downloadable supplement. Statistically abnormal values (i.e., raw scores corresponding to the 5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th percentiles) were calculated to assist in practical application of normative findings to individual cases. Preliminary validity of the indices are demonstrated by a case study and group comparisons between a sample of individuals with Alzheimer's (N = 81) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB; N = 100). Conclusions Clinically useful normative data of such derived indices from the UDS 3.0 neuropsychological battery are presented to help researchers and clinicians interpret these scores, accounting for demographic factors. Preliminary validity data is presented as well along with limitations and future directions.

Competence Guided Model for Casebase Maintenance

A competence guided casebase maintenance algorithm retains a case in the casebase if it is useful to solve many problems and ensures that the casebase is highly competent. In this paper, we address the compositional adaptation process (of which single case adaptation is a special case) during casebase maintenance by proposing a case competence model for which we propose a measure called retention score to estimate the retention quality of a case. We also propose a revised algorithm based on the retention score to estimate the competent subset of a casebase. We used synthetic datasets to test the effectiveness of the competent subset obtained from the proposed model. We also applied this model in a tutoring application and analyzed the competent subset of concepts in tutoring resources. Empirical results show that the proposed model is effective and overcomes the limitation of footprint-based competence model in compositional adaptation applications.

Effects and Safety of Aqueous Extract ofPoncirus fructusin Spinal Cord Injury with Neurogenic Bowel

Objective. To investigate the effects and safety of the aqueous extract of the dried, immature fruit ofPoncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf., known asPoncirus fructus(PF), in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic bowel.Methods. Thirty-one SCI patients with neurogenic bowel were recruited. Patients were evaluated based on clinical information, constipation score, Bristol Stool Form Scale, stool retention score using plain abdominal radiograph, and colon transit time. PF was administered in dosages of 800 mg each prior to breakfast and lunch for 14 days.Results. The morphological feature of the stool before and after administration indicated a statistically significant difference from 3.52 ± 1.33 to 4.32 ± 1.44 points (p<0.05). Stool retention score before and after administration of PF was represented with low significance (7.25 ± 1.60 to 6.46 ± 1.53 points) in the whole colon (p<0.05), and the colon transit time was significantly shortened (57.41 ± 20.7 to 41.2 ± 25.5 hours) in terms of the whole transit time (p<0.05). Side effects were observed in 7 people (28.0%) consisting of 2 people with soft stools and 5 people with diarrhea.Conclusion. For SCI patients, PF administration significantly improved defecation patterns, defecation retention, and colon transit time. PF could be an effective aid to improve colonic motility and constipation.

EFFECTS OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MEDIA ON ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE LEARNING

This study attempts to determine the effects of three modes of digital media (virtual reality, video, and Web) on architectural heritage learning. It also aims to determine the demographics' effects of museum visitors on learning using interactive digital media. The content of these media focuses on historical and architectural information of a cultural heritage monument at a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This study has employed quasi-experimental method with the use of designated tasks and retention test in real-world setting. It is found that there is a significant difference among these digital media on retention score. Further analysis reveals that virtual reality provides the lowest retention score and contributes to this significant difference when compared to video. There is no significant difference between gender and retention score. However, there is a significant difference among age and retention score. This study contributes towards empirical evidence on the significant use of interactive digital media on architectural heritage learning and provides insights about demographic effects of interactive digital media on architectural heritage learning.