Senyawa Isoflavonoid Terisoprenilasi dari Ranting Flemingia macrophylla

Flemingia macrophylla merupakan tumbuhan perdu yang termasuk keluarga Fabaceae. Senyawa fenolik Flemingia mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan isoflavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas sitotoksik senyawa isoflavonoid dari Flemingia macrophylla terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Ekstraksi dan isolasi senyawa isoflavonoid menggunakan metanol pada suhu kamar. Dua senyawa isoflavonoid terisoprenilasi, 8-(1.1-dimetil-prop-2-enil) genistein (1) dan osajin (2) telah berhasil dipisahkan dari ranting Flemingia macrophylla. Penentuan struktur senyawa isoflavonoid menggunakan data spektroskopi ultraviolet (UV), inframerah (IR), 1D dan 2D NMR. Sitotoksik 8-(1.1-dimetil-prop-2-enil) genistein (1) dan osajin (2) terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D memperlihatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 10,91 ± 0,17 dan 3,72 ± 0,23 µg/mL.

Analgesic, Antidiarrheal and CNS-depressant Activities of Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.)

Plants are the priceless sources of bioactive natural compounds. Medicinal plants have been used since time immemorial in both developing and developed countries. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) is widely used as a hereditary medicines. The current study was designed to observe the analgesic, antidiarrheal and CNS depressant activities of methanol extract of the leaves of F. macrophylla (MEFM) and its petroleum ether (PEFM), dichloromethane (DFM), chloroform (CFM) and aqueous (AFM) fractions. The analgesic activities was assessed by acetic acid induced writhing method at doses 200- and 400- mg/kg body weight. The CNS-depressant effect was assayed by phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time test. The anti-diarrheal activity of the extract was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The crude extract displayed significant peripheral analgesic activity at both test doses with 56.72- to 59.70-% inhibition of writhing responses, respectively. In CNS-depressant test, the extract revealed its activity in a dose dependent manner. In screening for antidiarrheal activity, the extract exhibited 20.83 and 41.67 % inhibition of defecation at 200- and 400-mg/kg bw, respectively whereas the standard loperamide (50 mg/kg bw) displayed 70.83 % inhibition of defecation. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(2): 141-145, 2020

Tannin-Rich Plants as Natural Manipulators of Rumen Fermentation in the Livestock Industry

Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant anti-herbivore compounds with antimicrobial activity that can be used in ruminant diets as ruminal microbiome manipulators. However, not all CTs from fodder legumes are bioactive due to their wide structural diversity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 10 CT-containing plants (Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotiloma axilare, D. paniculatum, and Lespedeza procumbens) on in vitro fermentation kinetics of Nelore beef cattle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a specific CT-binding agent, was added to neutralize condensed tannin. Tifton and alfalfa hay were used as controls lacking CT. The experimental layout included a randomized complete block with factorial design and four blocks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences (p < 0.05) among treatment means. The addition of PEG in browse incubations resulted in increased gas production, fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and N-NH3 release. Within our study, Lespedeza procumbens, Desmodium paniculatum, Leucaena leucocephala, Desmodium ovalifolium, and Flemingia macrophylla showed superior bioactivity compared to other species evaluated, suggesting a natural alternative for replacing ionophores to modify ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins from L. pocumbens, D. paniculatum, L. leucocephala, D. ovalifolium, and F. macrophylla have the potential to modify rumen fermentation in beef cattle.