Modern Problems of Staff Training for State and Municipal Services in Russia

This chapter is devoted to the description of the existing system of training, retraining, and advanced training of state and municipal employees in Russia and the proposal of options for solving the problems facing society and strengthening Russian statehood. The organization of training, retraining, and advanced training of state and municipal employees includes a system of measures to create new, re-profile, and improve existing educational institutions and optimize the mechanisms for competitive selection and selection of trainees and teachers. At the same time, education has a decisive role in training personnel for state and municipal service.

The Problem of Broad Understanding of the Public Liability of the Government within the Framework of the Law Promoting Policy in State and Municipal Service

The article is devoted to the conceptual aspects of the interdisciplinary understanding of the public legal responsibility of the authorities. Special attention is paid to the positive responsibility of officials and state and municipal authorities in the context of substantiating law-stimulating policies.

Municipal Courts and Environmental Justice in South African Local Government

Environmental injustice is part and parcel of the fundamentals of international and domestic environmental law. In South Africa, section 2(4)(c) of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) establishes environmental justice (EJ) as part of the environmental management principles to direct decision-making. This is particularly relevant because of the country’s legacy of continuing environmental injustices and inequalities, especially concerning natural-resource dependent services and benefits. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 further establishes a developmental local government (DLG) of which the objects are to ensure a safe and healthy environment, sustainable delivery of services, promotion of social and economic development as well as public participation in decision-making. These objects are complemented by section 24 environmental right in the Bill of Rights. Municipal service delivery of water and sanitation, electricity, land matters and municipal health, should supplement, not compromise the state of local communities' environment and access should be equal. The absence of the latter may result in the form of environmental injustice as has been described by authors such as Bullard, McDonald and Schlosberg. In the event of service delivery-related environmental injustices, it is to be expected that communities must have remedial options available. One of which may be accessible to the judicial system. Therefore, this paper focuses on and explains the role that Municipal Courts specifically may play in fortifying the relationship between municipal service delivery and improved grass-root level environmental justice in South Africa. The underlying question is whether such courts can be agents of (environmental) change where local communities are exposed to environmental harm as a consequence of the failure of municipal services or the environmentally harmful actions of other community members or local industries.

Topical issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the implementation of state and municipal service in the Russian Federation

This paper discusses the current issues of legal regulation in the field of artificial intelligence in the state and municipal service in the Russian Federation in order to ensure and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The article highlights the current problems that arise in the implementation of certain state functions, such as – the work of state bodies with citizens' appeals and the lack of regulatory regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technology in this process, the use of which will contribute to meeting the deadlines for working with citizens' appeals, as well as increase the overall level of quality of interaction between citizens and public authorities. Specific measures are proposed for the development of legislation in order to introduce artificial intelligence in solving the problems facing the public authorities. The article formulates the main conclusion regarding the trend of using the artificial intelligence system in the issue under consideration.

Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors

This interdisciplinary research project compares service delivery outcomes to informal settlements in South Asia’s largest urban centres: Dhaka, Karachi and Mumbai. These mega cities have been overwhelmed by increasing demands on limited service delivery capacity as growing clusters of informal settlements, home to significant numbers of informal sector workers, struggle to obtain basic services. In the absence of state supports, some informal settlements engage non‐state actors to obtain services. In order to compare service delivery outcomes through these actors, I used a layered, mixed methods approach guided by an interdisciplinary literature review and policy examination. I drew on semi‐ structured interviews as well as pairs of case studies to measure successful and unsuccessful service delivery outcomes in each of the three mega cities. Key findings are that chronic disconnections exists in all three countries, where upper tiers of the state persistently fail to create an enabling environment for lower tier state actors and municipal service delivery machinery. The cause of these disconnections is the persistent colonial impression on the bureaucracy, Neoliberal policies and the appropriation of public resources by organized crime and their backers, urban elites. Non‐state actors have facilitated service delivery to informal settlements, resulting in isolated success and improved levels of human development. However, the case studies demonstrate that the success of non‐state actors is attributed to support from lower tier state actors. A complex political economy of upper and lower tier actors, rooted in unresolved land ownership and elite interests is disabling the capabilities of lower tier state actors to extend services to the urban poor. The study informs our understanding of the role played by technical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in facilitating representative community‐based organizations (CBOs) engagement of state service delivery providers. The study illustrates the differential attitudes between upper and lower tier state actors towards informal settlements. The study also separates the ‘development industry’ from grass root representatives of informal settlements. The study also affirms the ability of informal settlements to organize, mobilize and engage municipal service delivery providers. The study emphasizes the need to remove constraints that upper tiers of state and society place on informal settlements in order for equitable development and sustainable levels of service delivery to be realized

Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors

This interdisciplinary research project compares service delivery outcomes to informal settlements in South Asia’s largest urban centres: Dhaka, Karachi and Mumbai. These mega cities have been overwhelmed by increasing demands on limited service delivery capacity as growing clusters of informal settlements, home to significant numbers of informal sector workers, struggle to obtain basic services. In the absence of state supports, some informal settlements engage non‐state actors to obtain services. In order to compare service delivery outcomes through these actors, I used a layered, mixed methods approach guided by an interdisciplinary literature review and policy examination. I drew on semi‐ structured interviews as well as pairs of case studies to measure successful and unsuccessful service delivery outcomes in each of the three mega cities. Key findings are that chronic disconnections exists in all three countries, where upper tiers of the state persistently fail to create an enabling environment for lower tier state actors and municipal service delivery machinery. The cause of these disconnections is the persistent colonial impression on the bureaucracy, Neoliberal policies and the appropriation of public resources by organized crime and their backers, urban elites. Non‐state actors have facilitated service delivery to informal settlements, resulting in isolated success and improved levels of human development. However, the case studies demonstrate that the success of non‐state actors is attributed to support from lower tier state actors. A complex political economy of upper and lower tier actors, rooted in unresolved land ownership and elite interests is disabling the capabilities of lower tier state actors to extend services to the urban poor. The study informs our understanding of the role played by technical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in facilitating representative community‐based organizations (CBOs) engagement of state service delivery providers. The study illustrates the differential attitudes between upper and lower tier state actors towards informal settlements. The study also separates the ‘development industry’ from grass root representatives of informal settlements. The study also affirms the ability of informal settlements to organize, mobilize and engage municipal service delivery providers. The study emphasizes the need to remove constraints that upper tiers of state and society place on informal settlements in order for equitable development and sustainable levels of service delivery to be realized

State Civil Service and Municipal Service as a Basis for Exclusion from the Lists of Candidates to Jury Members

The development of the law of criminal procedure governing the jurisdiction of criminal cases considering by jury trial involves the improvement of legislation governing the grounds for which citizens are subject to exclusion from the list of candidates for jurors. Currently, the grounds for exclusion of a citizen from the list of candidates for jurors is his hold of a public office of the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, military service and law enforcement agencies. This article examines the question of the possibility of including in this list such grounds as the state civil service and municipal service. As a conclusion, according to the provision that has been formulated if a citizen serves the state civil service and municipal service, it should be included in the list of circumstances in connection with which citizens are subject to exclusion from the lists of jurors. This conclusion corresponds to the legal and social features of these types of services.

PERSONNEL WORK IN THE MUNICIPALITY

The ongoing reforms in the system of state and municipal service are aimed at increasing the efficiencyof personnel services, which become active subjects of personnel policy, searching for applicants for positions,assessing the quality of employees' work, planning and forecasting. In the context of the digitalization ofpublic administration and a changing economy, municipalities need highly qualified specialists who canpromptly respond to changes in legislation, possess new competencies and perform their professional duties in a quality manner. In this regard, the role of the personnel services of municipalities is increasing, whichupdates the ongoing research.