Hygrothermal performance of a brick wall with interior insulation in cold climate: Vapour open versus vapour tight approach

Interior insulation of historic buildings is well-studied in Central Europe; however, their conclusions might not be directly applicable to colder climates. Heat, air and moisture (HAM) modelling can be a valuable tool for studying those solutions in different conditions. Recently, incorporating the capillary condensation redistribution (CCR) test into the material characterization process has shown to cause dramatic improvement in correlating hygrothermal modelling results to measurements in certain situations. It is also noteworthy, that the HAM modelling errors made using material data from conventional characterization process can be severely non-conservative. In this article a parametric study of a 51 cm thick mass masonry wall is undertaken to determine the effect of the improved material properties on the reliability of a vapour open ‘capillary active’ autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and calcium silicate (CaSi) interior insulation solutions and to compare them to a vapour tight insulation system. A 49-year real weather dataset from Estonia is used. The results show that compared to conventionally characterized material properties the CCR-optimized material data causes more critical conditions directly behind the interior insulation, while having a similar performance in the exterior part of the masonry. The differences occur close to the performance limits and highlight the importance of using the CCR test in material characterization process. The vapour tight and vapour open systems showed a very similar impact on the freeze-thaw cycles and on the maximum ice saturation of the exterior part of the masonry. The vapour open solutions perform better than the vapour tight PIR in terms of frost damage and possible mould growth behind the insulation – even though the advantage has been reduced when using the CCR-optimized material data. Regardless of the insulation solution, a case-specific approach is still required to avoid damaging the original wall and/or the added insulation system.

How Do Investors Perceive the Materiality of Data Security Incidents

Data security incidents are continually increasing; hackers, governments, and other actors increasingly attempt to gain unauthorized access to confidential data. Information Systems (IS) users are becoming more vulnerable to the risks of data breaches. Many stakeholders perceive cybersecurity incidents as indicators of firms' operational and technological internal deficiencies. Previous research has revealed that investors react negatively to data breaches, yet little is known about investors' reactions to material data security incidents. Using a sample of 232 data security incidents for 132 publicly traded companies in the United States, we applied an event study methodology to discern investors' reactions to material versus immaterial incidents. We also use multivariate regression and time-to-event analysis to examine what determines the degree of investors' reactions, considering several intervals around the event day. Our results show that investors perceive material data security incidents as a deficiency of breached companies in comparison to immaterial incidents.

How Do Investors Perceive the Materiality of Data Security Incidents

Data security incidents are continually increasing; hackers, governments, and other actors increasingly attempt to gain unauthorized access to confidential data. Information Systems (IS) users are becoming more vulnerable to the risks of data breaches. Many stakeholders perceive cybersecurity incidents as indicators of firms' operational and technological internal deficiencies. Previous research has revealed that investors react negatively to data breaches, yet little is known about investors' reactions to material data security incidents. Using a sample of 232 data security incidents for 132 publicly traded companies in the United States, we applied an event study methodology to discern investors' reactions to material versus immaterial incidents. We also use multivariate regression and time-to-event analysis to examine what determines the degree of investors' reactions, considering several intervals around the event day. Our results show that investors perceive material data security incidents as a deficiency of breached companies in comparison to immaterial incidents.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A SPECIMEN/TISSUE BANK AND ASSOCIATED DNA REFERENCE DATA FOR eDNA ANALYSIS v1

This protocol is intended to provide guidelines on the curation and establishment of a specimen/tissue bank and associated DNA sequence data to be used as reference material/data for subsequent environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, with particular emphasis on marine non-indigenous and invasive species.

MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN TEKS RECOUNT SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 4 PAMEKASAN MELALUI METODE TALKING STICK

The success of student learning in the classroom is highly dependent on the selection of appropriate learning strategies by the teacher. This study aims to improve the ability of students of class X MIPA-3 SMAN 4 Pamekasan in learning English with recount text material using the talking stick method. This research is a type of classroom action research which consists of two cycles. Each cycle consists of a process of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were 36 students. The object of the research is the process and results of learning English in recount text material. Data were collected using observation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The results showed that the students' average score increased from the first cycle of 54.72 to 85.13 in the second cycle. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the talking stick method has succeeded in increasing students' abilities in recount text material.