Absence of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations with Asymmetric Dynamic Protocols

Many versions of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TUR) have recently been discovered, which impose lower bounds on relative fluctuations of integrated currents in irreversible dissipative processes, and suggest that there may be fundamental limitations on the precision of small scale machines and heat engines. In this work we rigorously demonstrate that TUR can be evaded by using dynamic protocols that are asymmetric under time-reversal. We illustrate our results using a model heat engine using two-level systems, and also discuss heuristically the fundamental connections between TUR and time-reversal symmetry.

An Eigenvalue Analysis of Damping in Optical Thin Plasmas

In this work, the behaviour of magneto-hydrodynamic waves in optically thin plasmas considering dissipative processes, thermal and magnetic diffusion, a given ionization, and the heating and cooling functions are investigated for several particular cases. A numerical eigenvalues analysis of the dimensionless secular equations according to various cases is performed for the entire set of MHD equations.

Influence of the Degree of Hydration on the Relaxation Microheterogeneity of Segmental Mobility in PVA

The study of local dissipative processes by the method of free-damped torsional oscillations excited in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed the presence of three loss peaks in the internal friction spectrum in different temperature ranges of this spectrum [1].

Local Dissipative Processes in the Epoxy Component

It is known that epoxy resins (ES) and materials based on them are widely used in various areas of natural economy due to their valuable properties: low shrinkage during curing, high adhesion to various materials, chemical resistance, good physical and mechanical properties, and excellent dielectric properties [1].

Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Life cannot emerge on a planet or moon without the appropriate electrochemical disequilibria and the minerals that mediate energy-dissipative processes. Here, it is argued that four minerals, olivine ([Mg>Fe]2SiO4), bridgmanite ([Mg,Fe]SiO3), serpentine ([Mg,Fe,]2-3Si2O5[OH)]4), and pyrrhotite (Fe(1−x)S), are an essential requirement in planetary bodies to produce such disequilibria and, thereby, life. Yet only two minerals, fougerite ([Fe2+6xFe3+6(x−1)O12H2(7−3x)]2+·[(CO2−)·3H2O]2−) and mackinawite (Fe[Ni]S), are vital—comprising precipitate membranes—as initial “free energy” conductors and converters of such disequilibria, i.e., as the initiators of a CO2-reducing metabolism. The fact that wet and rocky bodies in the solar system much smaller than Earth or Venus do not reach the internal pressure (≥23 GPa) requirements in their mantles sufficient for producing bridgmanite and, therefore, are too reduced to stabilize and emit CO2—the staple of life—may explain the apparent absence or negligible concentrations of that gas on these bodies, and thereby serves as a constraint in the search for extraterrestrial life. The astrobiological challenge then is to search for worlds that (i) are large enough to generate internal pressures such as to produce bridgmanite or (ii) boast electron acceptors, including imported CO2, from extraterrestrial sources in their hydrospheres.

Damping of Magnetoelastic Waves

A general method for constructing a model of the dissipative function describing the relaxation processes induced by the damping of coupled magnetoacoustic waves in magnetically ordered materials has been developed. The obtained model is based on the symmetry of the magnet and describes both exchange and relativistic interactions in the crystal. The model accounts for the contributions of both the magnetic and elastic subsystems to the dissipation, as well asthe relaxation associated with the magnetoelastic interaction. The dispersion law for coupled magnetoelastic waves is calculated in the case of a uniaxial ferromagnet of the “easy axis” type. It is shown that the contribution of the magnetoelastic interaction to dissipative processes can play a significant role in the case of magnetoacoustic resonance.