Pengembangan Usaha Kampus Melalui Inovasi Teknologi Budidaya Ikan Nila Dengan Sistem Modular pada Kolam Terpal Di Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan

AbstrakProgram Pengembangan Usaha Produk Intelektual Kampus (PPUPIK) Berbasis Usaha Akuakultur Terpadu melalui inovasi teknologi budidaya ikan nila dikolam terpal dengan sistem modular di Desa Mandalle Kecamatan Mandalle, Kabupaten Pangkep Sulawesi Selatan. Program ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan ekonomi kampus, menanamkan budaya wirausaha bagi mahasiswa, percontohan untuk masyarakat dan tempat praktek untuk mahasiswa Kolam terpal pemeliharan pendedaran (1 kolam) dan pembesaran (2 kolam) dengan diameter 3 m dan tinggi 1,2 m. Benih ikan yang digunakan adalah nila Gesit (Oreochromis niloticus) yang mono sex jantan, berukuran 1,5 cm. Selama pendederan dilakukan penyiponan setiap hari dan diberi probiotik 50 ml/minggu. Ukuran benih untuk pembesaran yaitu 5 -7 cm sebanyak 1500 ekor setiap kolam. Media pemeliharaan dikolam pembesaran dengan menumbuhkan bioflok dan makanan alami sebelum benih ditebar. Pergantian air dilakukan setiap minggu. Pakan buatan yang digunakan berkadar protein 35 %, frekwensi pemberian pakan 3 kali sehari, dan dosis pemberian pakan 3-5 % dari berat tubuh. Kelangsungan hidup ikan untuk pendederan yaitu 87 %. Total produksi ikan konsumsi satu siklus pembesaran 1.053 kg. Keuntungan produk ikan nila Rp. 15.125.000. RC ratio menunjukkan 1,35 > 1 berarti layak dilaksanakan dengan payback periode sebesar 0,32 tahun.Kata kunci : ikan nila, modular, probiotik, B/C ratio, akuakultur AbstractCampus Intellectual Product Business Development Program (PPUPIK) based on Integrated Aquaculture Business through innovative tilapia cultivation technology in ponds with a modular system, located in Mandalle Village, Mandalle District, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. The program aims to develop the campus economy, instill an entrepreneurial culture for students, a model for the community and a place of practice for students. Maintenance in ponds for nurseries (1 pond) and growing (2 ponds) were 3 m in diameter and 1.2 m high. The fish seed species used were Oreochromis niloticus which was mono-sex male, 1.5 cm in size. During the nursery, water suction were carried out every day and given probiotics 50 ml / week. The size of the seeds for enlargement is 5 -7 cm as many as 1500 individuals per ponds. Water is in the growing pond was growth of biofloc and natural food. Water changes were carried out every week. Tilapia survival for nursery was 87%. The total production of consumption fish was 1,053 kg. Artificial feed was used with a protein content of 35%, feeding frequency were 3 times a day and dose were 3-5% of body weight. The profit of consumption fish products was Rp. 15,125,000. RC ratio shows 1.35 > 1 means it is feasible to be implemented with a payback period of 0.32 years.Keywords: tilapia, modular, probiotic, B / C ratio, aquaculture

The Emancipation from the Past: Bakhtin’s Carnival in the Mirror of Soviet Experience

In this article an attempt is made to place Bakhtin’s case in the context of the Soviet 1960s with their specific mental world. The study question is why this almost forgotten figure of the 1920s has become a proper man in a proper place in time of transition from Stalin’s Great Fear to Khrushchov’s liberalization with its continuation till 1968 and how this resurrection from the dead occured. The virtues and scientific significance of Bakhtin’s works are doubtless and undeniable. But there is something else that helps to explain Bakhtin’s phenomenon and its popularity. His readers mentality determines the fate of books and the spreading of ideas. The sixties witnessed the unprecedented success of Bakhtin’s books. They changed the vocabulary of humanities and the mode of thinking in the generation of so-called Thaw. Bakhtin became one of the most influential figures of the sixties and greatly stimulated the emergence of the new trend known as culturology. Bakhtin’s Rabelais was a special success. This text can be read on different levels and interpreted in many ways. Its content combines such genres as literary criticism, the history of culture, and philosophy. The readers of the sixties paid special attention to Bakhtin’s vision of popular culture with its central image of carnival and were especially sensitive and receptive for the concept of Laughing Renaissance as a spiritual twin of Thaw which had Marxist roots, not Bakhtin’s. Thanks to the complexity of the text’s possible interpretation, Bakhtin was mistakenly considered as an ideologist of Thaw, and his Rabelais – as an intellectual product of this historical moment full of optimism, great expectations and hopes. Bakhtin was read by the generation of the 1960s in accordance with its mentality, its pursuit of a new form of “Socialism with human face” when left and even Marxist ideas dominated in the non-conformist discourse. But all of that had little in common with authentic Bakhtin who could share neither this philosophical worldview nor the illusions of the 1960s. The view of laughter as a kind of social therapy and as a means of emancipation in society was far from Bakhtin’s. He fully realized the demonic nature of carnival and saw it as his ambivalent ally from hell hostile to every kind of ideocracy. His readers who had invented Renaissance as a prototype of their time and the first Thaw in history misunderstood the inner intentions of Bakhtin himself. But doing this quite unconsciously, they gave the first and triumphant life for the outstanding scientific and philosophical text on Rabelais written by the person of a damaged life from the past.

Motivational-imagery component of the meaning of some verbal phraseological units with the abstract substantive ‘thought’ in the modern Russian language

This research is dedicated to the analysis of some verbal phraseological units, in which an object is expressed by the abstract substantive 'thought', from the perspective of motivational-imagery component. The article presents the results of study of the motivational-imagery component in the semantics of a number of verbal phraseological units with the abstract name 'thought', which is based on linguoculturological method developed by V. N. Telia and her supporters and presented in the “Large Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language”. The author explores the phraseological units within the framework of Chinese linguoculture for more determining the characteristics the Russian units. For this analysis, the author filtered out the phraseological units contained in the Russian National Corpus (https://ruscorpora.ru/new/), which include the abstract noun ‘thought’ that performs the function of the object of action, and the verbs “come / reach / run into / lead / point. The following conclusions were formulated: 1) the considered phraseological units reflect the metaphorical understanding of thought as a static object that outside the human body, the move towards which is performed by an individual, especially active is in relation to thought; 2) all phraseological units analyzed in the article demonstrate that thought is described as an intellectual product acquired by a human either through targeted mental activity, or influenced by external circumstances; 3) in general, the phraseological units under review act as a stereotypical representation on thought process of a person under the influence of certain external or internal factors.

GERALD STOURTZ. BETWEEN HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE GENESIS OF US FOREIGN POLICY (FIRST HALF OF THE 1950S)

The subject field of the study covers the historiography of the first half of the 1950s of the genesis of US foreign policy theme. The aim of the work is to determine the role and place of origin of the US foreign policy in the views of Gerald Stourzh. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study previously unexplored circumstances of the formation of the historian’s interpretation of this process. The novelty lies in the fact that the stereotype about the authority of the scientist’s assessment, formed in the scientific literature, has been debunked. The results of the analysis allowed to draw the following conclusions. The approach of G. Stourzh was not independent and scientific in nature. His concept was a consequence of the H. J. Morgenthau’s efforts to give historicity to the argumentation of the school of political realism. Being an amateur, he created an intellectual product using the selective principle of selecting sources designed to present the Founding Fathers as adherents of political realism. Over time, the initial criticism in the American scientific community of the scientist’s views was replaced by a utilitarian borrowing of the facts from his monograph, that led to the growth of G. Stourzh’ authority in scientific sphere. Despite the disadvantages of the historian’s achievements, his efforts became a catalyst for discussion in American historical science in the 1960s and 1970s and increased interest in the early period of the history of US foreign policy.

ACCOUNTING OF LICENSING ACTIVITY FOR THE RIGHT TO USE PLANT VARIETIES IN RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

The article examines the process of commercialization of intellectual property of research institutions in the agricultural sector. It is proved that the active scientifically-based organization of patent-licensing work will contribute to a comprehensive solution to the problem of implementing the latest advances in science and technology in agricultural production. The advantages of the process of licensing intellectual property for the licensor and the licensee are outlined. One of the benefits of licensing intellectual property is helping a licensed company to commercialize its intellectual product or expand its current operations in new markets more efficiently and more easily than it would do on its own. The characteristics of the main types of licenses are given and their differences are determined. The paper outlines the problematic aspects regarding the control of license fees by the licensor over the use of the intellectual product by the licensee. The main types of license fees, which are provided as a reward for the right to use plant varieties, are analyzed. It is substantiated that royalties as an element of calculating the amount of remuneration has a deep economic essence, stimulating the owner of the right to the product of intellectual labor to support its implementation, constantly adapt to production conditions and market conditions. It was revealed that the issue of accounting for licenses in scientific budget institutions is not regulated; there are no appropriate methods, accounts and registers for reliable display of information on the commercial activities of research institutions. An algorithm for accounting mapping of licenses as an asset in the activities of the licensor and the licensee has been developed. A method of displaying royalties and lump sums in the accounting of research institutions in the agricultural sector is proposed. The necessity of using off-balance sheet accounts to reflect the licenses in the licensee’s activity is substantiated, which will allow forming the information base on the received IPR on the terms of the non-exclusive license for the purpose of control.

DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCHISE MECHANISM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMERCIALIZATION IN UKRAINE

The main purpose of the study is to analyze nature, features and role of franchising in commercialization of intellectual property. Authors proved that franchising mechanism can lead to high returns from minimal risks and increase the level of innovative development of national economy. Franchising investigated as a form of business organization that meets the needs of today's consumer markets. The nature and role of franchising in modern globalized marketplace are discovered. Peculiarities of commercialization of the results of creative intellectual activity are analyzed. The history of franchising is considered. Analysis of the economic nature of franchising and main approaches to its definition as an economic category are generalized. The current state of the Ukrainian franchising market is studied. Theoretical model of interaction between franchisor and franchisee in the intellectual property market is considered. Examples of the most successful modern Ukrainian franchises are considered. Advantages of franchising as an effective business model and mechanism of intellectual property commercialization are determined. In the context of the commercialization of intellectual property, franchising provides certain benefits for both parties to the franchise agreement and, at the same time, creates additional risks. By entering into a franchise relationship, the owner of intellectual property rights risks losing the business reputation and trust of consumers through the production and sale of low-quality products to the franchisee. Conducted analysis demonstrated that franchising market grew by 18% compared to the same period last year. At the same time, the Ukrainian franchise market remain quite diversified. Enterprises operate in various fields: catering, services, retail trade. Authors proved that in a post-industrial economy, intellectual property becomes a major factor of production, and intellectual property relations are developing rapidly. Under these conditions, franchising forms an effective mechanism for the commercialization of an intellectual product and creates the preconditions for increasing the competitiveness of economic entities in the conditions of post-industrial transformations.

The Role of Social Networks in the Educational Process

The purpose of the research is a comparative study of the use of social networks in the educational and sociocultural context. The comparison criteria include the following indicators: social status (student-teacher), demographic characteristics (gender and age), and sociocultural indicators (the country of residence – Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan). A questionnaire based on closed and open questions was used to collect data. The data were analyzed in SPSS. Various strategies (constructively individualistic and value-normative strategies) were identified for obtaining and using information through social networks that are mediated by ex-isting cultural and social practices. There is a qualitative difference in the use of social networks by teachers and students. Students are primarily attracted by the ability to communicate on social networks. The use of social networks by teach-ers is mediated by their professional activities. The results obtained allow us to build other forms of interaction between the teacher and students A teacher coor-dinates students' independent intellectual activities rather than transmits knowledge; students become not just consumers of educational information, but active participants in the creation of an intellectual product.

Rugova as a Literary Scholar

This paper analyses the literary studies of dr. Ibrahim Rugova, one of the most known modern Albanian scholar, who in fact is known all over the world as e Kosovo political leader and founder of the independent state of Kosovo. But he is not known in the field of literary studies as in the political field, so our main aim is to present him as a scholar. Rugova's work as a literally scholar started with his “Lyrical Touch” (1971), which features almost all poetic literary interpretations, to follow with his “Toward Theory”, which sets off Rugova's path to theoretical-literary research. Specifically, the problem treated in this book captures theoretical problems of literature and centered on the proposal for "artistic text" and "open work," which proves that Rugova never intended to close the discussed issues, but aims at providing possible solutions. In this sense, his theory goes to the point of view of literature as "differentia specifica," as a special artistic product. In the case of this concept, apart from treating it theoretically, Rugova breaks it apart from Albanian literature, comparing it with the models of world knowledge. Such an effort seeks to differentiate literature as a particular gender, as an intellectual product, as quest of the "literary essence".