Principal component analysis on fatty acid composition of the meat deriving from calves, young bull and bull of Maremmana breed slaughtered at different age

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the performance at slaughtering of calves; young bull and bull of Maremmana breed, and compared, through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on fatty acid composition, the characteristics of the resulting meat categories: veal, young bull meat and bull meat. The Maremmana cattle is a local endangered breed deriving from Tuscany and Latium. The animals of this study were raised under same conditions in pasture with hay and concentrate supplementations. Eighteen calves of 12-14 months, 27 young bulls of 18 months and 14 bulls of 20-24 months were slaughtered in this trial. The performances at slaughtering were considered, and on the meat samples, the chemical analysis and the fatty acid composition were carried out. Results were submitted to ANOVA and PCA, and a Heat map that considered the fatty acid distances among meat typologies was built. Slaughtering performances were better in young bulls and bulls. Chemical composition didn’t differ among meat categories. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were similar among meats, but Monounsaturated (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower in veal. Desirable fatty acids and Healthy Indices were better in veal. The results of PCA and Heat map confirmed that veal was quite different from other meats. Maremmana meat deriving from animals of different age has shown overall good characteristics, suitable for the diet of western country population.

Judges 3 and the Queer Hermeneutics of Carnophallogocentrism

In ‘Eating Well’, Jacques Derrida uses the terms ‘carnivorous virility’ and ‘carnophallogocentrism’ to refer to a ‘schema’ that excludes women and animals from Western subjectivity and ethics. But a reference to homosexuality in ‘Eating Well’ also allows us to locate gay men in this configuration, which provides a framework for a ‘queer hermeneutics of carnophallogocentrism’. Here this hermeneutics shapes a reading of the story of Eglon, the Moabite king in Judges 3 whose name means ‘calf’ or ‘young bull’ and who is killed under dehumanizing circumstances. Eglon’s story can be read in the context of other sets of biblical stories, including other stories in Judges where men are killed in ways that symbolically ‘unman’ or feminize them; other stories that dehumanize the Moabites as the ethnic constitutive other to the Israelites; and other stories in Judges where women are killed in ways that animalize them.

CHARAKTERISTICS OF BALI CATTLE YOUNG BULL UNDER TRADITIONALLY LIVESTOCK SYSTEM IN MERBAUN VILLAGE REGENCY OF KUPANG

An experiment had been conducted in Merbaun Village, Regency of Kupang for three months. The objective of the experiment was to know characteristics of Bali cattle Bull i.e. age and body weight, body score condition, linier body size (e.g. chest girth, body length, and shoulder height), libido, scrotum circumference, and semen production. 125 of Bali cattle Bull with aged about 2-2,5 years were used in physical measured while nine Bull were choosen randomly to measure libido and semen production. The results of the experiment showed that the average age and body weight were 25.83 ± 0.3719 months and 207.37 ± 1.84 kg, with BCS of 3.97 ± 0.04 (from 5 score), and the chest girth, body length, and shoulder height were 158.27 ± 0.71 cm, 106.87 ± 0.26 cm, and 108.55 ± 0.37 cm, respectively. About 77 head (61.6%) was brown colour, and the other 48 (38.4%) was black, with moderate of capacity of libido (score 7.22 ± 0.66 from 9 score). The average of scrotum circumference was 25.67±1.20 cm, volume of semen were 2.54±0.69 ml and sperm concentration was 1.26 x 109 per ml repectively. Of the total of 125 Bali cattle young bull, only 26% fulfilled the Indonesia Standard of Bali young bull.Key word : young bull, bali cattel, traditionally livestock.