The Effectiveness of the New Complex of Medical Rehabilitation in the Correction of Muscle Strength Deficit and Motor Disorders in Patients with Obesity

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness a new complex including aerobic and physical training, kinesohydrotherapy, balance therapy onchanges in muscle strength and correction of motor disorders in obese patients. Material and methods. The study group included 40 patients aged 58 [53;66] y.o. with a BMI≥30 kg/m2. The control group includedof 40 people aged 57 [54;63] y.o. with BMI≥30 kg/m2. Study methods included anthropometry, functional tests and dynamometry. Results. According to the data obtained, in both groups after treatment, body weight significantly decreased (from 106.03 [83;145] to102.8 [80;141] kg), BMI (from 39.2 [30.12;49.1] to 38.1 [29.4;46.7] kg/m2), decreased WС (from 109 [105;125.8] to 107 [98.8 12] cm), HС(from 127 [112.3;139.8] to 121 [109.5;133.5] cm), decreased pain syndrome (from 5 [3;7] to 2.5 [1;4.75] points), increased arm strength(in right arm from 20 [14.25;34] to 30 [19;42], in left arm from 19.5 [14.25;29.5] to 22 [18;30.75] daN). Conditioning and coordinationabilities improved significantly in the main group according to the functional tests: “Up and go test” (from 7.9 [7.1;8.9] to 7.4[6.5;8.3] sec.), back muscle strength (from 5[5;5] to 5[5;5]), static and dynamic abdominal muscle endurance (from 12.04 [9.47;17.13]to 16.07[10.69;27.7] sec. and from 31[21;37.25] to 39 [29.5;46.5] sec, and back and (from 14.94[5.8775;22.205] to 18.41[9.745;31.335]times and from 8[5;14] to 10 [8;23], times, respectively); Fukuda test scores (from 65[56;76.75] to 72[61;82] reps), One leg standing test(from 13.9[5.38;32.15] to 18.61[8.6125;38.1575] sec. for the left) and closed eyes (from 3.45[2.16;6.38] to 3.975[2.715;5.82] seconds forthe right and from 4.12[1.3;8.61] to 4.31[2.16;8.13] seconds for the left). Conclusions. A new complex including aerobic and strength training, kinesohydrotherapy, and balance therapy showed significanteffects on body weight reduction, body volume reduction, and muscle strength improvement in obese patients. A new integratedmethod results in a longer maintenance of the achieved effect when controlling the long-term results after 3 months and 1 year comparedwith the group that received only the 2-component program.

Back muscle function in adolescent girls treated with a rigid brace for idiopathic scoliosis: no impact of 6-month brace wear on muscle strength or endurance

The study aimed to determine the impact of 6-month rigid brace on back muscle strength and endurance in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Sixty–one girls, aged 7.0–16.0, were analyzed in two groups: the study group (6–month rigid brace wear) vs. the control group (no brace treatment), recruited consecutively and matched for age, body height, weight, BMI, primary curve location and Cobb angle. All patients underwent clinical and radiological examination, modified Biering–Sorensen test, prone and standing maximum strength and endurance tests. No significant difference between groups in back muscles strength or endurance, both gobal and reported to body weight was found. No relation between the daily brace time and the back muscle strength or endurance was observed. The 6–month use of a rigid brace did not affect the strength or endurance of the back muscles in adolescent girls treated for idiopathic scoliosis.

Relative Hand Grip and Back Muscle Strength, but Not Mean Muscle Strength, as Risk Factors for Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Its Metabolic Components: 16 Years of Follow-Up in a Population-Based Cohort Study

Muscle strength is associated with health outcomes and can be considered an important disease predictor. There are several studies examining the relationship between hand grip strength (HGS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no results have been reported for long term longitudinal studies. In this study, we investigated the relationship between mean HGS, back muscle strength (BMS), relative HGS and BMS, and MetS. A total of 2538 non-MetS subjects aged 40–69 years (1215 women and 1323 men) in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan cohort were followed for 16 years. The relationships between incident MetS (iMetS) and muscle strength were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models after adjusting for the confounding factors. Increases in standard deviation (SD) and the lower quartile groups for relative HGS and BMS were significantly associated with iMetS in men and women. Moreover, increases in SD and high quintile groups (decreased HGS group) for the delta change in the mean and relative HGS were significantly associated with iMetS in men only. In addition, SD increases for the relative HGS and BMS were significantly associated with iMetS components in men and women. The present study suggests that lower relative HGS and BMS are associated with high risk for the future development of MetS.

Association between Trunk Muscle Strength and Fall Risk in Older Men and Women with Lumbar Spondylosis

Various factors significantly affect the risk of falls among older adults with lumbar spondylosis. However, the relationship between falls and trunk muscle strength in older men is poorly explored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between back muscle strength and fall risk in older men and women with lumbar spondylosis. Based on self-reported fall scores, 39 outpatients were classified into two groups. Back and abdominal muscle strength, among other data, were compared between the two groups. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between fall scores and selected variables. Back (r = −0.491, p = 0.002) and abdominal muscle strength (r = −0.415, p = 0.009) were related to the fall score. Furthermore, back and abdominal muscle strength were related to the fall score in women with a high risk of falls, whereas back muscle strength, erector spinae, and lumbar multifidus cross-sectional areas, and visual analog scale were related to the fall score in men with a high risk of falling. Back muscle strength and fall scores may be useful to assess the risk of falls in older patients with lumbar spondylosis. However, evaluating this relationship may require separate sex-specific analyses.

PENGARUH SENAM JANTUNG SEHAT SERI-I TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG-PARU, KEKUATAN OTOT DAN KADAR TNF-α PLASMA PADA LANJUT USIA

The increasing number of elderly and elderly life expectancy is a challenge for health workers. Decreased cardiac endurance, muscle strength and increased incidence of inflammation will occur in the elderly as we get older. health cardio exercises series-I is an aerobic exercise that has moderate intensity and is carried out for 30 minutes, research is needed to analyze the effect on cardiac endurance, muscle strength and decrease plasma TNF-α levels in the elderly. Research design with experimental method, pre-test and posttest design approach. The study was conducted for 4 weeks on 25 samples which were divided into 3 groups of frequency of health cardio exercises series-I to measure endurance of the heart. A 6-minute road test and muscle strength were used for hand grip strength dynamometer, test back and leg dynamometer. Measurement of plasma TNF-α levels is carried out using the Elisa method. The data was then analyzed using paired t-test to see differences before and after health cardio exercises series-I. The results showed health cardio exercises series-I performed 3x / mg can increase the heart's endurance compared to the frequency of 4x / mg and 5x / mg (-16.11 vs 15.62 vs -47.62 meters). health cardio exercises series-I frequency of 3x / mg and 4x / mg can increase back muscle strength (pvalue= 0.019, p <0.05) and the frequency of 5x /mg can increase the strength of attractive shoulder muscles. (p-value=0.033, p<0.05). Health cardio exercises series-I performed 3x / mg, 4x / mg and 5x / mg did not have a significant effect on plasma TNF-α protein expression in the elderly (0.506 vs 0.856 vs. 0.382, p<0.05). It is suggested that the elderly can do I-1 series heart exercise with a frequency of 3x / mg to increase the heart's lung endurance and back muscle strength, a health cardio exercises series-I 4x / mg series to increase muscle strength of the back back, a series of health cardio exercises series-I frequency of 5x / mg to increase attractive shoulder muscle strength.

A STUDY ON SELECTED ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES AND BACK MUSCLE STRENGTH IN STATE LEVEL FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF MAHARASHTRA

Football is a sport composed of many athletic components and requires different physical attributes and skills from the individual. There are different playing positions which are goal keepers, defenders, mid fielders and strikers. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the relation between different playing positions with selected anthropometric variables and back muscle strength in state level football players. Design of the study was based on cross sectional research. Sample of 106 male footballers of age group 16-25 years were included in the study and were selected from various football clubs of Maharashtra, India. In results, statistically significant differences (p ≤0.015-0.001) were noted in height, weight, tibia length, femur length and total leg length between goalkeepers and defenders. Statistically significant differences (p ≤0.018-0.001) were noted in height, weight, tibia length, femur length, total leg length and trunk length between goalkeepers and mid fielders. Statistically significant differences (p ≤0.019-0.002) were noted in height, weight, tibia length and total leg length between goalkeepers and strikers. There was no statistically significant difference between defenders and mid fielders; and between the mid fielders and strikers. Keywords: anthropometry, back strength, football, kinetics.

Trunk Muscle Mass Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Reflecting the Cross-Sectional Area of the Paravertebral Muscles and Back Muscle Strength: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study of Elderly Population

Trunk muscles play an important role in supporting the spinal column. A decline in trunk muscle mass, as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (TMM–BIA), is associated with low back pain and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TMM–BIA correlates with quantitative and functional assessments traditionally used for the trunk muscles. We included 380 participants (aged ≥ 65 years; 152 males, 228 females) from the Shiraniwa Elderly Cohort (Shiraniwa) study, for whom the following data were available: TMM–BIA, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and back muscle strength (BMS). We measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat-free CSA of the paravertebral muscles (PVM), including the erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), and psoas major (PM), on an axial lumbar MRI at L3/4. The correlation between TMM–BIA and the CSA of PVM, fat-free CSA of PVM, and BMS was investigated. TMM–BIA correlated with the CSA of total PVM and each individual PVM. A stronger correlation between TMM–BIA and fat-free CSA of PVM was observed. The TMM–BIA also strongly correlated with BMS. TMM–BIA is an easy and reliable way to evaluate the trunk muscle mass in a clinical setting.

Relationship of back muscle and knee extensors with the compensatory mechanism of sagittal alignment in a community-dwelling elderly population

Compensatory mechanisms, such as a decrease in thoracic spine kyphosis and posterior tilting or rotation of the pelvis, aim to achieve optimal alignment of the spine. However, the effect of muscle strength on these compensatory mechanisms has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of back muscle and lower extremity strength on compensatory mechanisms in elderly people. Overall, 409 community-dwelling elderly participants (164 men, 245 women) were included. Age, disc degeneration, and 2 or more vertebral fractures showed a significant increase of risk for sagittal vertical axis (SVA) deterioration. Conversely, stronger back, hip flexor, and knee extensor muscles reduced the risk for SVA deterioration. To investigate the association of each muscle’s strength with compensatory mechanisms, 162 subjects with pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis > 10° were selected. The linear regression model for thoracic kyphosis demonstrated a negative correlation with back muscle strength and positive correlation with vertebral fracture. The regression analysis for pelvic tilt demonstrated a positive correlation with knee extensor strength. Back, hip flexor, and knee extensor muscle strength were associated with sagittal spinal alignment. Back muscle strength was important for the decrease in thoracic kyphosis, and knee extensor strength was associated with pelvic tilt.

Dynamic balance in male youth soccer players: the role of anthropometric and physical fitness factors

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors needed to improve the dynamic balance of youth soccer players. Methods: A total of 170 youth soccer players (84 U-15 and 86 U-18 players) participated in this study. Their anthropometric (height, weight, and body fat percentage) and physical fitness (dynamic balance, muscle strength, power, core strength, agility, reaction time, and flexibility) characteristics were evaluated. To investigate the effects of these factors on dynamic balance, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results: The results showed that the weight (P = 0.008) and back muscle strength (P = 0.039); and actions, such as sit-up (P = 0.017), countermovement jump (P = 0.019), and trunk forward flexion (P = 0.009) were significant factors affecting balance in all the soccer players of this study (R2 = 0.265). In the U-15 group, only the countermovement jump (P = 0.019) was found to significantly influence dynamic balance (R2 = 0.275). In contrast, in the U-18 group, weight (P = 0.002), sit-up action (P < 0.001), countermovement jump (P = 0.019), and trunk forward flexion (P = 0.011) were found to affect dynamic balance (R2 = 0.439). Conclusion: Our study suggests that muscle strength, power, flexibility, and core strength are needed to improve the dynamic balance of youth soccer players.