ProtFinder: finding subcellular locations of proteins using protein interaction networks

Protein subcellular localization prediction plays a crucial role in improving our understandings of different diseases and consequently assists in building drug targeting and drug development pipelines. Proteins are known to co-exist at multiple subcellular locations which make the task of prediction extremely challenging. A protein interaction network is a graph that captures interactions between different proteins. It is safe to assume that if two proteins are interacting, they must share some subcellular locations. With this regard, we propose ProtFinder - the first deep learning-based model that exclusively relies on protein interaction networks to predict the multiple subcellular locations of proteins. We also integrate biological priors like the cellular component of Gene Ontology to make ProtFinder a more biology-aware intelligent system. ProtFinder is trained and tested using the STRING and BioPlex databases whereas the annotations of proteins are obtained from the Human Protein Atlas. Our model gives an AUC-ROC score of 90.00% and an MCC score of 83.42% on a held-out set of proteins. We also apply ProtFinder to annotate proteins that currently do not have confident location annotations. We observe that ProtFinder is able to confirm some of these unreliable location annotations, while in some cases complementing the existing databases with novel location annotations.

PSL-Recommender: Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction using Recommender System

Identifying a protein’s subcellular location is of great interest for understanding its function and behavior within the cell. In the last decade, many computational approaches have been proposed as a surrogate for expensive and labor-intensive wet-lab methods that are used for protein subcellular localization. Yet, there is still much room for improving the prediction accuracy of these methods. In this article, we meant to develop a customized computational method rather than using common machine learning predictors, which are used in the majority of computational research on this topic. The neighbourhood regularized logistic matrix factorization technique was used to create PSL-Recommender (Protein subcellular location recommender), a GO-based predictor. We declared statistical inference as the driving force behind the PSL-Recommender here. Following that, it was benchmarked against twelve well-known methods using five different datasets, demonstrating outstanding performance. Finally, we discussed potential research avenues for developing a comprehensive prediction tool for protein subcellular location prediction. The datasets and codes are available at: https://github.com/RJamali/PSL-Recommender

Predicting subcellular location of protein with evolution information and sequence-based deep learning

Background Protein subcellular localization prediction plays an important role in biology research. Since traditional methods are laborious and time-consuming, many machine learning-based prediction methods have been proposed. However, most of the proposed methods ignore the evolution information of proteins. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, we present a deep learning-based method to predict protein subcellular locations. Results Our method utilizes not only amino acid compositions sequence but also evolution matrices of proteins. Our method uses a bidirectional long short-term memory network that processes the entire protein sequence and a convolutional neural network that extracts features from protein sequences. The position specific scoring matrix is used as a supplement to protein sequences. Our method was trained and tested on two benchmark datasets. The experiment results show that our method yields accurate results on the two datasets with an average precision of 0.7901, ranking loss of 0.0758 and coverage of 1.2848. Conclusion The experiment results show that our method outperforms five methods currently available. According to those experiments, we can see that our method is an acceptable alternative to predict protein subcellular location.

Bird Eye View of Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction

Proteins are made up of long chain of amino acids that perform a variety of functions in different organisms. The activity of the proteins is determined by the nucleotide sequence of their genes and by its 3D structure. In addition, it is essential for proteins to be destined to their specific locations or compartments to perform their structure and functions. The challenge of computational prediction of subcellular localization of proteins is addressed in various in silico methods. In this review, we reviewed the progress in this field and offered a bird eye view consisting of a comprehensive listing of tools, types of input features explored, machine learning approaches employed, and evaluation matrices applied. We hope the review will be useful for the researchers working in the field of protein localization predictions.

HumDLoc: Human Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction Using Deep Neural Network

Aims: To develop a tool that can annotate subcellular localization of human proteins. Background: With the progression of high throughput human proteomics projects, an enormous amount of protein sequence data has been discovered in the recent past. All these raw sequence data require precise mapping and annotation for their respective biological role and functional attributes. The functional characteristics of protein molecules are highly dependent on the subcellular localization/ compartment. Therefore, a fully automated and reliable protein subcellular localization prediction system would be very useful for current proteomic research. Objective: To develop a machine learning-based predictive model that can annotate the subcellular localization of human proteins with high accuracy and precision. Methods: In this study, we used the PSI-CD-HIT homology criterion and utilized the sequence-based features of protein sequences to develop a powerful subcellular localization predictive model. The dataset used to train the HumDLoc model was extracted from a reliable data source, Uniprot knowledge base, which helps the model to generalize on the unseen dataset. Result : The proposed model, HumDLoc, was compared with two of the most widely used techniques: CELLO and DeepLoc, and other machine learning-based tools. The result demonstrated promising predictive performance of HumDLoc model based on various machine learning parameters such as accuracy (≥97.00%), precision (≥0.86), recall (≥0.89), MCC score (≥0.86), ROC curve (0.98 square unit), and precision-recall curve (0.93 square unit). Conclusion: In conclusion, HumDLoc was able to outperform several alternative tools for correctly predicting subcellular localization of human proteins. The HumDLoc has been hosted as a web-based tool at https://bioserver.iiita.ac.in/HumDLoc/.