Strategic shifts in armed groups from armed action to political action (Badr Organization): التحولات الاستراتيجية عند الجماعات المسلحة من العمل المسلح إلى العمل السياسي وأثر البيئة الداخلية والخارجية عليها (منظمة بدر نموذجاً)

The research relied on the transformation of the "Badr" Organization from military action to political action, in addition to the main transformation influences on the organization. The research is divided into two main parts: The first part discussed the “Badr Organization”; its history and military operations, whether in the armed action times or after the transformation. This part aimed to know the organization leaders and their position in the Iraqi government, to know the organization adopted ideology, and to know organization distribution. The second part discussed the organization transformation from military action to political action, the dimensions of this transformation at the behavioral, organizational, and ideological level, the impact of the internal environment in Iraq and the external environment (the war in Syria) on the “Badr” organization, and the path of the political transformation.

The Deming management method and digital partnering in a construction procurement contract

In this case study of a research and development facility construction project at a large biopharmaceutical organization, we explored how digital investments must be accompanied by a partnership approach and a transformation of the cultural values of an organization tied to operational principles. The project faced considerable challenges, including a highly constrained market environment, time and cost constraints, and a multiyear organization transformation with a diverse mix of stakeholder objectives. Despite these challenges, the project was brought in under budget and on schedule, achieving other objectives that often seem at odds with each other (best-in-class sustainability ratings, quality scores from customers, and with a remarkably low number of change requests). We found that significant stakeholder engagement early in the architect and contractor selection process leads to the right contract management process and ultimately successful outcomes. A key insight from this case involves the need for differentiated supplier relationship management for procurement-project team integration.

Foundations of the innovative theory of systems transformation

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to justify the theoretical basis and methodological foundations of the systems’ transformation in the context of the influence of external and internal factors. Methodology. The results of the article were obtained through the application of such methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction in the study of systems, the theory of self-organization and scientific concepts. These methods form the basis of a modern study of the self-organization of systems of living or inanimate nature of artificial or natural organic or inorganic, socio-economic, humanitarian, military, political and other origins. Systematic method – for substantiating the laws and principles of the transformation of systems, the general law of transformation of systems; modeling – for developed mathematical model of the system. Results. The author substantiates the regularities and principles of system’ transformation, determines the external and internal factors of this process, reveals their objectivity and subjectivity; the general law of transformation of systems is defined and formulated; An approach to mathematical modeling of systems is proposed on the basis of complex consideration and application of external and internal factors. Originality. The general law of systems transformation is definite for the first time. The law objectively takes into account all existing theories and concepts concerning transformation, self-organization and modernization of systems, that is quantitative, qualitative and functional changes taking place with them. The mathematical model of the system is represented by the function of the action and interaction of objective and subjective external and internal factors. Practical value. The obtained research results allow at the present stage of development of science to create a universal approach and the corresponding equipment for modeling, analysis and evaluation of the degree of transformation of systems of any origin. The determination of their productivity, stability, prevention of chaos, dissipation and corresponding corrective actions, depending on missions and goals, actions that are being persecuted and carried out or are taking place. According to the research, the way to the solution of this problem lies in the field of the most optimal representation of the action of external and internal factors by physical, social or any other nature by mathematical, functional, statistical, expert methods on the basis of the corresponding presented functions and qualimetric approaches. Key words: system, theory of self-organization, transformation, thermodynamics evolution, interaction, external factors, internal factors, model.

Fourth Industrial Revolution: Competencies of Potential Leaders

Fourth industrial revolution would have strong impact on services and working environment so that a new philosophy should be applied to manage organization resources. Educational leaders need certain competencies to respond swiftly to new developments and their implications in their organizations. Thus, this research undertake a systematic literature review to shed light on the characteristics of fourth industrial revolution and the required competencies of educational leaders in this era. The results of literature emphasized the importance of high communication rate. Employees should be connected in a network regardless of their positions. They need to connect together with heads, hearts, and hands and have positive emotions to overcome challenges they confront. Building relationships with all stakeholders are also important. Understanding individuals’ personalities is the key to change and control their attitudes and behaviours through changing their environment. The values and morale of organizations and leaders are important to maximize performance of employees. Furthermore, some researches highlighted that some practices eliminate the change process. For example, having politics and discrimination between employees, and ignoring employees’ emotions will hinder the progress of organization. Hierarchical structure of organization inhibits organization transformation and progress. Therefore, there must be strategic planning along with appropriate skills, abilities and adequate resources to implement and sustain the change to meet fourth industrial revolution.

Ina Food Industry: A Company that Makes Employees Happy

"This research illustrates how a traditional Japanese company, Ina Food Industry, focuses on talent operations, engagement, their well being and social innovation. The authors worked with key executives and talent operators from Ina Food Industry to underpin the main characteristics of their talent operations strategy and to determine how the organization draws from its corporate philosophy and core elements of traditional Japanese culture to create sustainable user engagement and to develop a unique employee value proposition. Keywords: Innovation, Japan, Organization, Transformation, Sustainability, Talent, Strategy, Ethics JEL Classification: M10, L66 "

Identifying goals, roles and tasks of extended scope physiotherapy in Dutch primary care- an exploratory, qualitative multi-step study

Background Rising healthcare costs, an increasing general practitioner shortage and an aging population have made healthcare organization transformation a priority. To meet these challenges, traditional roles of non-medical members have been reconsidered. Within the domain of physiotherapy, there has been significant interest in Extended Scope Physiotherapy (ESP). Although studies have focused on the perceptions of different stakeholders in relation to ESP, there is a large variety in the interpretation of ESP. Aim: To identify a paradigm of ESP incorporating goals, roles and tasks, to provide a consistent approach for the implementation of ESP in primary care. Methods An exploratory, qualitative multi-step design was used containing a scoping review, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The study population consisted of patients, physiotherapists, general practitioners and indirect stakeholders such as lecturers, health insurers and policymakers related to primary care physiotherapy. The main topics discussed in the focus groups and semi-structured interviews were the goals, skills and roles affiliated with ESP. The ‘framework’ method, developed by Ritchie & Spencer, was used as analytical approach to refine the framework. Results Two focus groups and twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore stakeholder perspectives on ESP in Dutch primary care. A total of 11 physiotherapists, six general practitioners, five patients and four indirect stakeholders participated in the study. There was a lot of support for ‘decreasing healthcare costs’, ‘tackling increased health demand’ and ‘improving healthcare effectiveness’ as main goals of ESP. The most agreement was reached on ‘triaging’, ‘referring to specialists’ and ‘ordering diagnostic imaging’ as tasks fitting for ESP. Most stakeholders also supported ‘working in a multidisciplinary team’, ‘working as a consultant’ and ‘an ESP role separated from a physiotherapist role’ as roles of ESP. Conclusions Based on the scoping review, focus groups and interviews with direct and indirect stakeholders, it appears that there is sufficient support for ESP in the Netherlands. This study provides a clear presentation of how ESP can be conceptualized in primary care. A pilot focused on determining the feasibility of ESP in Dutch primary care will be the next step.

The Saga of Middle East Airlines (MEA) in War and in Peace

The pragmatic attitude of MEA management in meeting the crises that plagued its existence was only matched by a dogmatic determination that its planes must, under all circumstances, keep the immortal Cedar of Lebanon, which adorns its wings, continually and proudly roaming the skies. The fact that MEA has now recovered, survived, and prospered crowns its management decisions as best business practices. These practices include adaptability and change through organization transformation mode, using change interventions in its vision, structure, culture, skills, and procedures in many of its departments, such as the human resources, employee benefits, the recruitment and training departments affecting all of its employees. Events in open-system organizations such as MEA exist at equilibrium in a field of conflicting forces. Changes in the environment will consequently put pressure on such organizations causing a shift in the state of equilibrium.