Case Study: An Approach for Hydraulic Fracturing Minifrac G-Function Analysis in Relation to Facies Distribution in Multilayered Clastic Reservoirs

Summary An industry-accepted standard for minifrac analysis for evaluating and improving design of hydraulic fracturing treatments originated from the original Nolte analysis (Nolte 1979) of pressure decline, followed by the introduction of Castillo G-function in a Cartesian plot (Castillo 1987). The latter provides a graphical method for the identification of fracture closure pressures and stresses with subsequent derivation of other parameters such as fluid efficiency and fracture geometry. With the introduction of a more advanced consideration of the G-function interpretation for various reservoir conditions (Barree et al. 2007), subdividing the interpretation into calculations based on flow regimes and leakoff modes, this approach has become even more sophisticated. Particularly, interesting flow regimes and leakoff modes during fracture closure include the fracture height recession mode. This mode tends to result in rapid screenout and difficulty in placing high proppant concentrations. Regarding interpretation, the G-function derivative curve for this mode can have more than one plateau, an outcome that is possibly indicative of features that have not been widely considered to date or on which little to no data have been published. This paper presents a case study as an example of such height recession mode, along with a subsequent G-function interpretation and analysis and with consideration of the vertical facies distribution along the wellbore. Considerable attention is paid to the G-function derivative plateau analysis. Three distinctive wells, namely X-1,X-2, and X-3, are discussed. Using this technique can lead to an improved fracture calibration, optimized fracture design, and adoption of a successful completion strategy; additionally, the confirmation of 1D facies distribution can provide new insights into the fracture closure period.

An Atomic-Level Perspective of HMG-CoA-Reductase: The Target Enzyme to Treat Hypercholesterolemia

This review provides an updated atomic-level perspective regarding the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), linking the more recent data on this enzyme with a structure/function interpretation. This enzyme catalyzes one of the most important steps in cholesterol biosynthesis and is regarded as one of the most important drug targets in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Taking this into consideration, we review in the present article several aspects of this enzyme, including its structure and biochemistry, its catalytic mechanism and different reported and proposed approaches for inhibiting this enzyme, including the commercially available statins or the possibility of using dimerization inhibitors.

Interpretasi Al-Qur'an Surat Al-Maidah 51: Aplikasi Teori Penafsiran Hermenutika Jorge J. E. Gracia

This article describes the study on the interpretation of the surah al-Maidah: 51. Literally, the surah: 51 prohibit the Muslims from electing and appointing a Christian and a Jew as an awliya. The researcher used the Jorge J. E Gracia’s hermeneutic approach in a book called A Theory of Textuality. The study also uses qualitative methods with a library research. Gracia's main theories include the nature of interpretation, interpreters’ dilemma and interpretation function (historical function, meaning development function and implication function). Interpretation typology can assess the truth and plurality of interpretations truth, objectivity and subjectivity of interpretation, and the concept of understanding.Abstrak: Artikel ini berisi penelitian tentang penafsiran Al-Qur’an surah al-Maidah: 51. Secara literal, Al-Qur’an surah :51 berisi tentang larangan tentang umat Muslim dalam memilih dan mengangkat seorang Nasrani dan Yahudi menjadi seorang awliya’. Peneliti Menggunakan pendekatan hermenuetika Jorge J.E Gracia dalam buku yang berjudul A Theory of textuality. Penelitian juga menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan jelas penelitian library research . Teori-teori pokok Gracia meliputi hakekat interpretasi, dilema seorang penafsir dan fungsi interpretasi (fungsi histori,fungsi perkembangan makna dan fungsi implikasi) tipologi penafsiran bisa dinilai kebenaran dan pluralitas kebenaran interpretasi,obyektivitas dan subyektivitas penafsiran,serta konsep mengenai pemahaman.

String Theory Explanation of Large-Scale Anisotropy and Anomalous Alignment

The discovery of anomalies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) indicates large-scale anisotropies, non-Gaussian distributions, and anomalous alignments of the quadrupole and octupole modes of the anisotropy with each other and with both the ecliptic and equinoxes. Further analysis indicates that the statistical anisotropy and non-Gaussian temperature fluctuations are mainly due to long-range correlations. However, the source of the large-scale correlation and the cause of the anomalous alignment in CMB remains unknown. In this work, we show a new development in string theory, the universal wave function interpretation of string theory (UWFIST) indicates the existence of large-scale quantum vibrations. These large-scale quantum vibrations can cause the large-scale correlation and anomalous alignment observed in the background field. They can explain the observed large-scale anisotropies, non-Gaussian distributions, and anomalous alignments of the quadrupole and octupole modes in the microwave background.

Factors differentiating between concentric and sprinkled multiple-patronage shoppers in Kuwait

Two types of hypermarket spenders with multi-patronage behavior were identified; namely, “Concentric” and “Sprinkled.” The objective of this study is to examine which of hypermarket store attributes differentiate between the two types of spenders, and to determine the differences of their demographic characteristics. Six store attributes including the depth of the product assortment, store services, location convenience, sales promotion, prices, and store reputation were examined. Also, five different demogrpaphics were tested including gender, nationality, marital status, education and monthly income.. A cross sectional design with an intercept survey was used. Three hundered cusdtomers were intercepted at diffeerent hypermarket store locations and asked to fill out the survey instrument. Two research hypotheses were tested using the survey data. The interpretation of the discriminant function showed that “concentric” spenders score quite high on store services, moderately on convenience and sales promotion, and low on prices. Both product assortment depth and store reputation were not important to the discriminant function interpretation. Results also indicated that only two demographics were significantly differentiating between the two types of spenders. Several recommendations were made based on the study findings to enable each hypermaqrket store in Kuwait to increase its share of a consumer’s wallet.

EKSISTENSI PURA AGUNG BATAN BINGIN DESA PAKRAMAN PEJENG KAWAN KECAMATAN TAMPAKSIRING KABPATEN GIANYAR (Kajian Bentuk, Fungsi dan Makna)

<p><em>Pura Agung Batan Bingin is one of the holy places that have its own distinction compared with the temples in the village of Pejeng Kawan, District Tampaksiring, Gianyar regency. A temple with the following characteristics when someone wants to take the citrus fruit in the temple area then the orange tree will continue to rise and will not be able to touch the fruit, while the coconut that fell in the back area of the temple if there is someone who took without the pice nunas then the person must Will continue to spin behind the temple and people who take the fall of coconut fruit will get lost in the journey home, for someone who wants to take something in the temple area should be pure nunas first in Pura Agung Batan Bingin. This study aims to get a description of the shape , Function and meaning of Pura Agung Batan Bingin Tampaksiring District of Gianyar Regency. Related to this matter, the problems discussed in this research are 1) How to Form Agung Batan Bingin Temple in Pakraman Pejeng Kawan Village, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency 2) What Function of Pura Agung Batan Bingin in Desa Pakraman Pejeng Kawan , Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency 3) Apamakna theologyPura Agung Batan Bingindi Desa Pakraman Pejeng Kawan, District Tampaksiring, Gianyar Regency?</em></p><p><em>Some of the components that can be studied as well as the presentation of results include: the form of Pura Agung Batan Bingin, with elements of the history of Pura Agung Batan Bingin, courtyard structure (mandala) and building palinggih, Pangempon Pura, and the form of ceremonial procession pujawali. Interpretation of the function, meaning of Pura Agung Bantan Bingin has: (1) religious function, (2) social function, (3) economic function. Interpretation of meaning, then Pura Agung Batan Bingin has: (1) theological meaning, (2) aesthetic meaning, and (3) meaning of prosperity.</em></p>