Description Of An Anaplastic Rhabdomyosarcoma In A Cockatiel (Nymphicus Hollandicus)

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the skeletal muscles that is occasionally observed in free-living and pet birds. A case of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma in the musculature of the right wing of a captive female cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) was investigated. The clinical aspect and radiographic images suggested an invasive neoplasm. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a patternless array of large primitive polygonal cells or sheets of bizarre cells with giant nuclei and atypical mitoses set in a collagenous stroma. Anaplastic cells were poorly differentiated and exhibited notable cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. Nuclei showed extreme variability in number, size, shape, chromatin distribution and nucleolar size and number. The cross striations were encountered in elongated multinucleated cells known as “strap cells” and in ovoid cells known as “racquet cells” and numerous mitotic figures were also observed. Neoplastic cells were positive for muscle actin and negative for desmin, suggesting the diagnosis of anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma. It is the first reliable record of a rhabdomyosarcoma in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) in Romania.

UPAYA KEMANDIRIAN DALAM PENYEDIAAN FLARE BAGI TEKNOLOGI HUJAN BUATAN

System production of small scale flare fabrication has been developed. System consist of three main apparatus ie. ball mill, compactor, and dryer oven. Products of flare have good quality on high performance of burning, long live of storage, and water resistant. Test particle after burning on BATAN laboratory shows that particles diameter range is 1.1 – 5.7 micron. This is the best spectrum of ultra giant nuclei to modifying warm cloud to enhance precipitation. The user of the flare production from this small scale fabrication is UPT Hujan Buatan BPPT, which will use for cloud seeding operasional base on flare device. This effort will strengththening the capability UPT Hujan Buatan on the selfempowerment on cloud seeding device production.

Extraction of Nucleolus Candidate Zone in White Blood Cells of Peripheral Blood Smear Images Using Curvelet Transform

The main part of each white blood cell (WBC) is its nucleus which contains chromosomes. Although white blood cells (WBCs) with giant nuclei are the main symptom of leukemia, they are not sufficient to prove this disease and other symptoms must be investigated. For example another important symptom of leukemia is the existence of nucleolus in nucleus. The nucleus contains chromatin and a structure called the nucleolus. Chromatin is DNA in its active form while nucleolus is composed of protein and RNA, which are usually inactive. In this paper, to diagnose this symptom and in order to discriminate between nucleoli and chromatins, we employ curvelet transform, which is a multiresolution transform for detecting 2D singularities in images. For this reason, at first nuclei are extracted by means ofK-means method, then curvelet transform is applied on extracted nuclei and the coefficients are modified, and finally reconstructed image is used to extract the candidate locations of chromatins and nucleoli. This method is applied on 100 microscopic images and succeeds with specificity of 80.2% and sensitivity of 84.3% to detect the nucleolus candidate zone. After nucleolus candidate zone detection, new features that can be used to classify atypical and blast cells such as gradient of saturation channel are extracted.

Initiation of coalescence in a cumulus cloud: a beneficial influence of entrainment and mixing

Although rain has been observed to form in warm cumulus clouds within about twenty minutes, calculations that represent condensation and coalescence accurately in such clouds have had difficulty producing rainfall in such a short time except via processes involving giant cloud condensation nuclei (with diameters larger than 2 μm). This model-based study explores a different possible mechanism for accelerating the production of warm rain, one that depends on the variability in droplet trajectories arriving at a given location and time in a cumulus cloud. In the presence of entrainment such droplets experience different growth histories, and the result is broadening of the droplet size distribution. That broadening favours coalescence, leading to embryos that grow to raindrops. These calculations do lead to production of rain that is within the lower range of observations for clouds of Florida, USA, the location on which the input conditions were based. The process emphasized in this study, the formation of drizzle via collisions among droplets in the main peak of the droplet size distribution, complements the growth of precipitation on giant nuclei, which is also an important source of the first rain in the case studied. The results indicate that the mechanism developed here should be considered an important influence on the formation of rain in warm clouds.