The influence of heavy metals on the shape and asymmetry of wings of female Polistes nimpha (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) living on contaminated sites

The aim of the present study was to determine the fluctuating asymmetry of the first pair of wings in females Polistes nimpha (Christ, 1791) living in an environment contaminated with heavy metals. The average concentration of Zn, Cd and Pb in the bodies of the insects varied depending on the distance from the source of contamination, reaching the highest values on the site closest to the source of contamination and the lowest at the most distant site. As a result of the morphometric analyses, significant differences were found in the asymmetry values of the first pair of wings depending on the level of Zn, Cd, Pb accumulated by the wasps. In the case of shape asymmetry, differences were found for all the effects studied (year of capture and site). Significant differences were also found in the size of wings between individuals captured on Sites 1 and 2 and those caught on Site 3. Specimens caught on site characterized by the lowest concentration of heavy metals in the topsoil, proved to be significantly larger than the insects collected on the other sites. There were no differences in the size of individuals between the different years of capture. Based on the results obtained by us, it can be assumed that the wings of P. nimpha females may become a useful object in studying the impact of environmental stress of Zn, Cd and Pb pollution on the symmetry of their wings.

Pengaruh Pencemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Ekskresi Iodium Urine (EIU) Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 25-60 Bulan di Kelurahan Kedung Cowek Surabaya

<p><strong>Latar belakang : </strong>Keberadaan anak-anak yang bertempat tinggal di daerah pesisir dengan risiko mengalami keracunan timbal (Pb) masih cukup banyak. Polutan ini memiliki dampak buruk pada anak-anak terutama pada tumbuh kembang anak, berkaitan dengan dampaknya terhadap hormon-hormon yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan misalnya <em>Growth Hormone, </em>hormon tiroid, dan <em>Insuline-like Growth Factor (IGF-1). </em>Selain timbal, pertumbuhan juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor keturunan, nutrisi dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) dan Ekskresi Iodium Urine (EIU) terhadap kejadian <em>stunting</em>pada anak usia 25-60 bulan di Kelurahan Kedung Cowek Surabaya.</p><p><strong>Metode : </strong>Penelitian analitik observasional ini menggunakan desain penelitian <em>cross sectional</em>, menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada 27 ibu beserta anak berusia 25-60 bulan di Posyandu RW 2 dan RW 3 Kelurahan Kedung Cowek, Kota Surabaya. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode <em>purposive sampling</em>. Data diperoleh dari pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, umur, KMS (Kartu Menuju Sehat), buku KIA (Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak), dan kuisioner dengan metode wawancara.Analisa bivariat yang digunakan adalah Kruskal-Wallis. </p><p><strong>Hasil : </strong>Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium diketahui bahwa tidak ada pencemaran timbal 0,00035 mg/L (tercemar &gt;0,008). Berdasarkan uji Kruskal Wallisbahwa kadar Ekskrei Iodium Urine (EIU) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian <em>stunting</em>berdasarkan standard antropometri anak Indonesia (p = 0,409).</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan : </strong>Tidak ada pengaruh pencemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) dan Ekskresi Iodium Urine (EIU) pada kejadian <em>stunting</em>pada anak suai 25-60 bulan di Kelurahan Kedung Cowek Surabaya.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><pre><strong>Background</strong> : The existence of children, living in the coastal area with such risk of suffering from lead (Pb) intoxication, is still considered high. This pollutant plays a role in children’s growth and development. Lead (Pb), existing in our body, would directly reduce the amount of iodine that is absorbed by our body and in the end, would reduce the number of hormones affecting both physical growth and mental development for instance Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1). Other than Lead (Pb), growth is affected by another factor such as heredity, nutrition, and physical activity. This study serves the purpose of determining the effect of lead (Pb) pollution and Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) on the occurrence of stunting in children at the age of 25-60 months old at the urban village of Kedung Cowek Surabaya.</pre><pre><strong>Methods</strong> : This observational analytic study was conducted by using a cross-sectional study design, by using a quantitative method which was used on 27 mothers whose children are 25-60 months old at Posyandu RW 2 and RW 3 urban village of Kedung Cowek Surabaya. The sample was chosen using a purposive sampling method. Data was collected through weight and height measurement, age, KMS (Card Towards Health), KIA (Kartu Ibu dan Anak), and questionnaires done by interviewing. Bivariate analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis. </pre><pre><strong>Results</strong> : Based on the laboratory test, it is shown that there’s no lead (Pb) pollution detected in seawater with the final result of 0,00035 mg/L (polluted &gt; 0,008 mg/L). Based on Kruskal-Wallis, Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) doesn’t influence the occurrence of stunting based on deviation standard and nutritional status from the Ministry of Health (p = 0,409).</pre><pre><strong>Conclusion </strong>: There is no effect of lead (Pb) pollution and Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) on the occurrence of stunting in children at the age of 25-60 months old at the urban village of Kedung Cowek Surabaya.</pre>

Health Risks and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution from Dust in Tianshui, China

The purpose of this study is to explore the degree and spatial distribution of dust heavy metal pollution in Tianshui City, the health risks, and the sources of heavy metals. The geoaccumulation index and health risk assessment are used to study pollution levels and human health risks, and Cu, Zn, and Pb pollution are found to be serious. The total exposure of children to dust and heavy metals is 8.329 × 10−3 mg·kg−1·d−1, which is 4.66 times that of adults. The effect of carcinogenic heavy metal exposure is more significant for adults than for children. The total non-carcinogenic risk quotient to children via multiple pathways is 2.1690, which is higher than that of adults. Children’s Pb non-carcinogenic risk quotient is 4.79 times that of adults, and children are more sensitive than adults to the health risks of Pb pollution. The GeoDetector and Unmix 6.0 models are used for source analysis, revealing that Zn, Pb, and As pollution originate primarily from urban transportation systems, V is sourced from soil-forming parent materials, and Mn, Ni, Cu, and Co arise from mixed sources. Therefore, the treatment of heavy metal pollution in cities needs to focus more on the urban transportation system.