Detection and Identification of Microbial Contaminant in Bakery Products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Bread has been chosen as an alternative food because of its availability. In Indonesia, consumption of breads is increased due to the change of diet pattern into packed and ready-made meals. Therefore, it is important to raise the awareness of bakery products quality. The purpose of this study was to detect and identify the microbial contaminant in bakery products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Bacterial colonies from expired bakery products were isolated into pure isolate then confirmed by API Staph and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The results showed there were five kinds of gram-positive bacteria. Isolated bacteria identified by API were Bacillus cereus (52.8%), Bacillus subtilis (97.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (97.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (97,9%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (72,2% and 61,8%).

Detection and Identification of Microbial Contaminant in Bakery Products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Bread has been chosen as an alternative food because of its availability. In Indonesia, consumptionof breads is increased due to the change of diet pattern into packed and ready-made meals. Therefore, it isimportant to raise the awareness of bakery products quality. The purpose of this study was to detect andidentify the microbial contaminant in bakery products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Bacterial coloniesfrom expired bakery products were isolated into pure isolate then confirmed by API Staph and PolymeraseChain Reaction (PCR) method. The results showed there were five kinds of gram-positive bacteria. Isolatedbacteria identified by API were Bacillus cereus (52.8%), Bacillus subtilis (97.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (97.7%),Staphylococcus epidermidis (97,9%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (72,2% and 61,8%).

Kualitas Simplisia Tanaman Biofarmaka Curcuma domestica Setelah Proses Pemanasan Pada Suhu Dan Waktu Bervariasi

Curcuma domestica is one of traditional medicinal plants that is found in Gunungpati Semarang. However the dried product do not achieve optimal standard quality for simplicia in terms of microbial contaminant and in an industrial scale household. Knowledge on how to use sterilization to produce better simplicia and reducing contaminant has not been known by farmers, yet. The purpose of this activity was to obtain the best heating treatment on sterilization of Curcuma simplicia using several temperature under sunlight and oven device. It was also want to show microbial growth after heating at several times and their influence on the quality of simplicia after treatment. The method was conducted by simplicia sterilization of C. domestica using sunlight sterilization for a week and using oven at a temperature of 300C, 400C, 500C and 600C for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The results showed that heating at temperature of 500C for 48 hours obtained the best simplicia, followed by heating at a temperature of 600C for 16-48 hours without contaminants after storing period for 3 months. Key words :Curcuma, sterilization, heat, microbia

Influence of binder type and process parameters on the compression properties and microbial survival in diclofenac tablet formulations

The influence of binder type and process parameters on the compression properties and microbial survival in diclofenac tablet formulations were studied using a novel gum from Albizia zygia. Tablets were produced from diclofenac formulations containing corn starch, lactose and dicalcium phosphate. Formulations were analyzed using the Heckel and Kawakita plots. Determination of microbial viability in the formulations was done on the compressed tablets of both contaminated and uncontaminated tablets prepared from formulations. Direct compression imparted a higher plasticity on the materials than the wet granulation method. Tablets produced by wet granulation presented with a higher crushing strength than those produced by the direct compression method. Significantly higher microbial survival (p< 0.05) was obtained in formulations prepared by direct compression. The percent survival of Bacillus subtilis spores decreased with increase in binder concentration. The study showed that Albizia gum is capable of imparting higher plasticity on materials and exhibited a higher reduction of microbial contaminant in the formulations. The direct compression method produced tablets of reduced viability of microbial contaminant.

VIABILITAS INOKULAN DALAM BAHAN PEMBAWA GAMBUT, KOMPOS, ARANG BATOK DAN ZEOLIT YANG DISTERIL DENGAN IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA Co-60 DAN MESIN BERKAS ELEKTRON

Carrier is one of the important factor to determine the quality of biofertilizer. The inoculant carriers should contain no or less microbial contaminant. The purpose of this research was to investigate viability of Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants in carrier material that were sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 and Electron Beam Machine (EBM). Each inoculants was injected to the sterilized peat, compost, coconut shell charcoal and zeolite. Viability of inoculants in steriled carrier was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 42 and 70 days after preparation. The stirage was done in incubator at 25ºC. The result of viability of Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants on sterilized carrier material by Gamma Irradiation Co-60, EBM and autoclave tended to decline during storage 70 days at room temperature (250C). Viability of Azospirillum inoculants in zeolite sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 and autoclave gave the highest numbres of viable cells. Storage of these inoculants at 25ºC for 70 days only reduce the number of viable cells by 11.1%. Viability of Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants in coconut shell charcoal or compost sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 went down by 99.8% after 70 days. The sterilization of carriers by using autoclave or Gamma Irradiation Co-60 were better than EBM sterilization. . Keywords: Carrier, Electron Beam Machine, Gamma Irradiation Co-60, sterilization, viability