ABOUT ONE PRA-TURKIC MAGIC FORMULA, WHICH BECAME THE REASON FOR THE FORMATION OF THE GENRE «SONG» IN RITUAL FOLKLORE

Historical reconstruction problems of traditional rituals, worldview, language and poetics of folklore, folk art require an integrated approach from a modern researcher of the ethnos spiritual culture. The latter takes into account the achievements of modern related sciences, primarily ethnocultural studies and ethnolinguistics, archeology and folklore studies, comparative and typological ethnology. Using this method, the history of the archaic formula found in a number of genres of Chuvash ritual poetry is successfully restored, and its archaic semantics is also restored. In the Altai and pra-Turkic epochs, the semantics of “singing” (a melodic speech performance of a ritual text) had a number of lexemes, which later became differentiated and acquired complementary meanings. The Chuvash language, due to its early separation from the rest of the Turkic languages, was able to preserve the most archaic incantatory formula. The Chuvash term yora / yura, as a synthesis of a ritual-verbal incantatory text and a musical melody, was formed during the formation of military democracy in the society of the ancient Bulgars and other related tribes. Over time, thanks to an archaic magic formula, this term began to mean not only ritual, but also lyrical melodious speech texts. Thus, in the Chuvash folklore, the term acquired semantics, meaning not only a separate genre, but also a whole group of melodic-speech texts.

Consequences of Early Separation of Maternal-Newborn Dyad in Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers: An Observational Study

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues its spread all over the world, data on perinatal management of the maternal-infant dyad are urgent. We performed an observational study to describe the effects of the early separation of the maternal-infant dyad, in case of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reported the medical records for 37 neonates born to 37 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers in a setting of separation of the dyad after birth. Data on neonatal infection, clinical condition, and breastfeeding rate were recorded until the first month of life. No maternal deaths were recorded; 37.8% of women had at least one pregnancy-related complication. We reported a high adherence to recommended safety measures after discharged with 84.8% of the mothers using at least one personal protective device and 51.5% using all the protective devices. We reported one case of vertical transmission and no cases of horizontal transmission. However, the separation of the dyad had a negative impact on breastfeeding because only 23.5% of the newborns received exclusively human milk during the first month of life. Despite early separation of the dyad protecting the newborns from possible horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it negatively affects breastfeeding during the first months of life.

The Mechanical Harvesting of Hemp Using In-Field Stand-Retting: A Simpler Approach Converted to the Production of Fibers for Industrial Use

The mechanical harvesting of hemp is a key step toward a profitable use of the product. Various fractions (fiber, seeds, residual biomass) may be recovered, and their correct management is fundamental for complying with the requirements of processors/end users. In the light of the renewed interest for its industrial use (panels and insulators), this work proposes the use of modified commercial machines to implement a field separation of the fibrous fraction of stand-retted hemp, a practice that would be profitable if realized with the systems adopted for textile use. The present work was conducted to test the efficiency of harvesting partially macerated plants by using a modified self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH). In Northern Italy, a hemp crop was stand-retted for four months. Then, an SPFH—with rotor knives reduced in number from 24 to 12—was used. Stand-retting made it possible to separate cortical fibers from the inner stem cylinder during harvesting; 53.3% of the material (fibers and shives) was separated automatically by the SPFH together with the chopped bast fiber, while the remaining 46.7% was separated on exiting the launch tube. More than 50% of the fibers were shorter than 5 cm in length, while almost 15% were longer than 10 cm. The SPFH had an effective operating speed of 3.48 km h−1, and no clogging occurred during the test. Therefore, the combination of stand-retting with harvesting using a modified SPFH could be helpful in obtaining an early separation of fibers from shives, thus facilitating the product treatment during its subsequent processing, e.g., by enhancing the defibration.

The impacts of maternal separation experience and its pattern on depression and dysfunctional attitude in middle school students in rural China

Background: In China, because of the growth of economically driven rural-to-urban migration, there are lots of children in rural area who are separating or have separation experience with their parents. Until now, few studies focused on solely maternal separation and no research studied whether its pattern will affect children’s later psychological status. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether early or late maternal separation affects depression and dysfunctional attitude in middle school students and what is the role of cumulative duration and meeting frequency. Methods: Maternal separation experience was obtained by using questionnaires. We got early maternal separation group first. Then, late maternal separation and control group were obtained with the same number by matching grade, sex and family socioeconomic status. All the students in the three groups completed the scales of Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). Results: Both CDI and DAS scores of early separation group are higher than the other two groups. When we split the data by sex, only females presented the same results. When cumulative duration is short, there is significant difference in both scores of CDI and DAS among the three groups, which showed the scores of early separation group are higher than the other two groups. When the cumulative duration is long, there is no significant difference among the three groups. When meeting frequency is high, there is no significant difference among the three groups. When it is low, there is significant difference among the three groups, which showed the CDI and DAS scores of early separation group are higher than the other two groups. Furthermore, the same results are also found in females. Conclusion: Early maternal separation may exert negative influence on student’s depression and dysfunctional attitude. The sex, cumulative duration and meeting frequency may also play important roles in the effect.

Early separation of omphalopagus conjoined twins: a case report from Syria

Omphalopagus twins are one of many forms of conjoined twins sharing part of the gastrointestinal system and abdominal wall. This type of twins has the best chance of survival if successfully separated. Surgical approaches in these cases are generally preferably elective, but sometimes separation may be urgently needed due to life-threatening complications, such as hemodynamic instability, death of either twin, necrotizing enterocolitis, among many others. We report a case of successfully separated omphalopagus twins at day two of life.

Pregnancy outcomes, early separation and psychiatric relapse experienced by South African women with peripartum psychosis: A descriptive exploration

Background: The peripartum period is associated with increased incidence of severe mental illness (SMI), with a greater occurrence of psychotic symptoms and psychiatric admissions. There has been little research on South African mothers with peripartum psychosis to examine what factors contribute to their experiences of pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aimed to explore the relevant socio-demographic factors and pregnancy outcomes in order to determine focus areas for intervention. Methods: Using a prospective, descriptive design, we conducted a detailed interview and supplementary information was collected by review of clinical records. The study examined the accounts of thirty-two mothers who experienced peripartum psychosis between 6 and 18 months postpartum. Areas of focus included participants’ current circumstances, their pregnancy, birth and postpartum experiences. Results: The majority of mothers were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and all but one have had one psychiatric admission. Pregnancies were predominantly unplanned (87.5%) and half of participants reported substance use during pregnancy. Medical or psychiatric problems during pregnancy occurred in 68.8% of pregnancy and 71.9% of mothers reported complications with delivery. Common psychosocial stressors included trauma, lack of partner support and financial hardship. Early separation occurred in 56.3% of dyads, mostly due to psychiatric admission. Conclusion: Our study describes psychiatric, medical and psycho-social risk factors affecting mothers who experienced peripartum psychosis. We discuss the implications of the findings for a developing country where there exists a lack of integrated maternal and infant mental health services. The results highlight the need for close obstetric and psychiatric follow-up for women with serious mental illness, with particular attention to screening for substance use and psychosocial stressors.