Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorders in adults exposed to super typhoon Lekima: a cross-sectional investigation

Background Super typhoon Lekima had a maximum wind force of 16 (52 m/s) and hit Wenling city, Zhejiang province in China on August 10, 2019. The typhoon left many victims showing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of full and partial PTSD to inform targeted interventions for adult victims. Method In total, four thousand seven hundred and forty-six adults who are parents of students in local primary and middle schools were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a trauma exposure scale and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition PTSD Checklist. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors of full and partial PTSD. Results Nine hundred and ten (19.2%) adults had full PTSD and 1775 (37.4%) had partial PTSD. Adults with a monthly income > 10,000 RMB (about 1530 dollars) and a high education level (bachelor’s degree or above) were less likely to have full or partial PTSD than those with lower income and lower education levels. In addition, married adults were less likely to have full PTSD than divorced or widowed ones. Higher rates of PTSD were observed among those aged ≥40 years, who were injured/trapped, whose family members/friends were injured/trapped, and who lost property. Conclusions Partial and full PTSD were common among adults following super typhoon Lekima, and high income, high education level, and married status were protective factors, whereas trauma exposure was a risk factor of PTSD. Target psychological intervention should be provided to these victims who are in low income and education level, divorced and widowed, and experienced more serious trauma.

Believe, Pray, and Obey: Three Indicators of Religiosity in a Jewish Canadian Community

This article examines religiosity among a sample of Jews living in Windsor-Essex County. This study uses three indicators to measure religiosity, including belief in G-d, prayer routine, and the Sabbath. The researcher interviewed fifty members of this community with an age rage between their early twenties to late eighties. The results show that the community has a somewhat moderate belief in G-d but does not pray or honour the Sabbath at comparable levels. To account for this diminished religiosity, Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart’s existential security theory will be applied. The article concludes that given the high degree of existential security derived from the sample’s high education level, there is little personal need to adhere to the major tenets of Judaism. Cet article examine la religiosité parmi un échantillon de Juifs vivant dans le comté de Windsor-Essex. Cette étude se base sur trois indicateurs pour mesurer la religiosité, notamment la croyance en Dieu, la routine de prière et le sabbat. Le chercheur a interrogé cinquante membres de cette communauté dont l’âge varie entre 20 et 80 ans. Les résultats démontrent que la communauté a une croyance assez modérée en Dieu, mais ne prie pas ou n’honore pas le sabbat à des niveaux comparables. Pour rendre compte de cette religiosité diminuée, la théorie de la sécurité existentielle de Pippa Norris et Ronald Inglehart sera appliquée. L’article conclut qu’étant donné le haut degré de sécurité existentielle découlant du haut niveau d’éducation de l’échantillon, il n’est guère nécessaire, sur le plan personnel, d’adhérer aux grands principes du judaïsme.

High IQ in Early Adulthood Is Associated with Parkinson’s Disease

Background: High education level and high occupational complexity have been implicated as risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: The objective was to determine whether cognitive capacity, measured as IQ, in early adulthood is associated with the subsequent development of PD. Method: Data on IQ were retrieved from the Swedish Military Service Conscription Registry, comprising Swedish males who enlisted for military service in the period 1968–1993 (N = 1,319,235). After exclusion, 1,189,134 subjects in total were included in the present study. Individuals who later developed PD (N = 1,724) were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Results: High education level was associated with PD. High IQ was associated with PD (p < 0.0001), both when analyzed as a continuous variable and when divided into three categories. The hazard ratio for the high IQ category compared to the low IQ category was 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.17–1.55). Strong test results on the subtests, measuring verbal, logic, visuospatial and technical abilities, were also associated with PD. In a subgroup, smoking was inversely associated with PD, as well as with IQ. Conclusions: This study identifies high IQ to be a risk factor for PD.

Global Intake of Major Beverages in Adults by Country Wealth and Sociodemographic Characteristics: Analysis of the Global Dietary Database 2015

Objectives Assessing the impact of beverage intake on health has been limited by lack of reliable and standardized individual-level data on a global scale. We provide updated estimates of global intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juices, and milk, as well as novel estimates of coffee and tea, jointly by country, age, sex, education, and urban-rural residence for adults in 2015. Methods Beverge intake data in the Global Dietary Database were derived from 1144 national and subnational surveys from 1980 through 2015, covering 97.5% of the world's population. Mean intakes and 95% uncertainty intervals were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical prediction model, and stratified by country (n = 185), urban-rural residence, sex, age group (all ages, 20 age groups), and education level (low, middle, high). The model combined primary data on individual-level intakes with time-varying country-level and survey-level covariates. Results Grouped by World Bank wealth categories, intake of SSBs was highest in low-income countries (LIC) and high-income countries (HIC) (0.7 servings (8-oz)/d each), and lowest in upper-middle income countries UMIC (0.4 s/d). Intakes were generally higher in men, urban residence, and with higher education, except in HIC were intakes did not differ by education. Fruit juice was highest in HIC (0.2 s/d) and lowest in lower-middle income countries (LMIC) (&lt;0.04 s/d); and within countries, generally higher with urban residence and higher education. Coffee intake was highest in HIC (1.2 s/d) and lowest in LIC (0.7 s/d); and generally higher in men and with medium or high education level, without urban-rural differences. Tea intake was highest in HIC (0.8 s/d) and lowest in LMIC (0.5 s/d); and generally higher in women, urban residence, and with high education. Average milk intake ranged from 0.5 s/d in HIC to 0.2 s/d in LIC, LMIC and UMIC; and was generally higher at high education level, without differences by sex or urban-rural residence. Country-specific intakes and temporal trends since 1990 will be presented. Conclusions These novel global results highlight key findings and heterogeneity in intakes of different beverages, informing potential effects on health and corresponding policy priorities. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Особенности преподавания учебного предмета «Литературное чтение» в начальных классах образовательных организаций с родным (нерусским) и русским (неродным) языком обучения

Вслед за авторитетными учеными-методистами, занимающимися проблемой преподавания русского языка и литературы в национальной школе, авторы утверждают, что для обеспечения высокого уровня образования нерусских учащихся, нужны специальные учебники, которые учитывают психолого-педагогические особенности нерусских учеников. В качестве примера в статье рассматривается линия учебников по Литературному чтению под редакцией проф. М.В. Черкезовой, созданная специально для образовательных организаций с родным (нерусским) и русским (неродным) языком обучения.The article shows the peculiarities of teaching the subject Literary Reading in primary classes of schools with native (non-Russian) and Russian (non-native) language of education. Along with authoritative scientists-methodologists dealing with teaching Russian language and literature at national schools, the authors claim that for ensuring high education level of non-Russian pupils, special textbooks that consider psychology and pedagogical peculiarities of non-Russian pupils are needed. As proof, the line of textbooks of Literary reading under the editorship of M.V. Cherkezova created especially for the types of educational institutions is considered in the article.

The potential interaction of hereditary and reproductive factors in the etiology of mammary gland hyperplasia: a case-control study

Background: Family history of breast cancer and female reproductive factors may work together to influence hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) risk. However, the association with HMG risk is poorly characterized and might be important to understand the causation of HMG.Methods: A total of 1881 newly diagnosed HMG cases and 1900 controls were recruited between 2012 and 2017. We collected each participant's demographic characteristics, female reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer. A multi-analytic strategy combining unconditional logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and crossover approaches were applied to systematically identify the interactions of family history of breast cancer and reproductive factors on HMG susceptibility.Results: In MDR analysis, high-order interactions among education level, breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer were identified among women (OR=7.069, 95%CI: 6.080-8.219). Similarly, in crossover analysis, compared with individuals having low education level and no family history of breast cancer, HMG risk increased significantly for those having high education level and family history of breast cancer (OR=36.389, 95%CI: 11.469-115.451), similar additive interaction effect was observed among short breastfeeding duration women (OR=27.699, 95%CI: 3.730-205.699).Conclusion: This study suggests high-order interactions of high education level, short breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer may synergistically increased HMG risk.

Cognitive impairment of workers in a large-scale aluminium factory in China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and the relationship with plasma aluminium among aluminium workers.DesignThis was a cross-sectional case-control study in the SH Aluminium Factory, China.SettingThe university and affiliated hospital cooperated in the study.ParticipantsThere were 910 aluminium workers on duty, among whom 853 participated in our study. Participants, such as those with cerebral vascular disease, epilepsy, brain trauma, Parkinson’s and mental diseases, aluminium-containing drug and mental drug use, and any family history of dementia in first-degree relatives were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBlood samples were collected, and plasma aluminium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. For each case, four age-matched controls were evaluated to determine the relationship between aluminium exposure and mild cognitive impairment. Conditional logistic regression was used to explore influential factors in mild cognitive impairment.ResultsAmong 910 workers, 93.74% participated in stage 1; 53 cases were finally diagnosed. The crude prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among aluminium workers on duty was 6.21%. There was a significant difference in plasma aluminium concentration between the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, we found that a higher level of plasma aluminium was associated with a high risk of cognitive impairment when compared with a lower aluminium level (AOR=2.24, 95% CI=1.17 to 4.26), and a high education level was a protective factor (AOR=0.36, 95% CI=0.18 to 0.70). No other factor was statistically significant.ConclusionsMild cognitive impairment is no longer a disease specific to elderly people. High plasma aluminium exposure might be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, but a reduced risk was observed with a high education level. The cognitive function of aluminium workers on duty must be considered seriously.