The pre-reflective roots of the madeleine-memory: a phenomenological perspective

This paper investigates the madeleine-memory (so-called from Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time) as a case of pre-reflective experience, from the genesis of its sedimentation into the body. Indeed, I aim to address the question of the literary protagonist Marcel on the roots of his happiness and the genesis of his memories. Until now, the madeleine-memory has been described as bodily and involuntary. In phenomenology, a wide literature has confirmed the relationship between the sense of body ownership and pre-reflective self-awareness. I aim to build upon such a mutual link and show that the pre-reflective roots of the madeleine-memory have to be traced back to the genesis of the involuntary recollections. To this purpose, I will illustrate that the epistemological relationship between the object and the subject plays a relevant role in the way the subject remembers. First, I will present that madeleine-memory is a unique case of bodily memory, by analyzing the main features that characterize it. Secondly, I will analyze the original experience of the madeleine within the phenomenological logic of transcendence in immanence. For this aim, I will rely on the Husserlian notions of “epistemological inadequacy of perception” and “background experiences”. Through these notions, I will show that Proustian involuntary recollections are pre-reflective experiences because previously subjects have pre-reflectively experienced the content of recollections.

Twitter and the Real Academia Española: perspectives on impoliteness

This study presents first- and second-order approaches to impoliteness as found in the Twitter feed of the Real Academia Española, the official Spanish-language institution of the Hispanic world. We argue that impoliteness must be viewed from the perspective of the individual, reflecting their background experiences and knowledge, while also acknowledging norms of their communities. We collected 56 reactive tweets in threads among different users, generating dialogues of different opinions of (dis)agreement. Fourteen participant-viewers rated each user’s tweet and provided judgments and comments on the impoliteness on a 5-point scale. Our results indicate some commonalities among subgroups in terms of politeness norms (e.g., insults), but also show individual differences in terms of expectations (e.g., not doing one’s job). The results suggest the limitations of previous impoliteness frameworks, which apply mostly to face-to-face interactions. Our research points to a need to develop a framework of impoliteness to account for the complexity of the interactions in social media and consider an analysis at individual and community levels.

Background Experiences, Developmental Perspectives

Over the course of our lifetimes, narratives build on one another and gain depth. Erik Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development provide a blueprint for helping us understand the world and stories we tell to describe it. A typical college student's life encompasses the first five stages from infancy (basic trust vs. mistrust) to late adolescence (identity vs. confusion). The lives of the interviewees are examined through this psychosocial lens with a focus on the development of their diversity stories, and early interactions and milestones set the stage for their four-year college experience.

РАТ И ПИТАЊЕ НАСЛЕЂА СРПСКОГ НАРОДНОГ ЖЕНСКОГ САВЕЗА НА ОСНИВАЧКОМ КОНГРЕСУ НАРОДНОГ ЖЕНСКОГ САВЕЗА СХС 1919. ГОДИНЕ WAR AND THE QUESTION OF HERITAGE OF THE SERBIAN NATIONAL WOMEN’S UNION AT THE FOUNDING CONGRESS OF THE NATIONAL WOMEN’S UNION OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES IN 1919

У раду се анализира утицај наслеђа Српског народног женског савеза, на оснивање, уобличавање циљева рада, структуру организације, њен хуманитарни и еманципаторски капацитет, као и на процес и конструисања родно дефинисане идеологије југословенства приликом оснивања Народног женског савеза Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца 1919. године. Реч је о организацији која је непосредно после Првог светског рата објединила грађански део женског покрета у новој држави. Искуство учешћа у рату и ратни доприноси жена из Србије значајно су се разликовали од позадинских искустава жена из других делова Краљевине СХС. Анализа стратегије и политика коју су заговарале водеће представнице Српског савеза на оснивачком конгресу у Београду 1919. године указује да су се ослањале на вишеструке легитимитете српске државе (државна независност, уставни поредак, институције) – победнице у рату, на жртвовање и страдање народа, велике доприносе жена из Србије ратној победи и на дугу традицију предратног женског удруживања на хуманитарном и еманципаторском плану у Краљевини Србији. The paper examines the influence of heritage of the Serbian National Women’s Union on the establishment of the National Women’s Union of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1919, its objectives, structure, humanitarian and emancipatory capacity and the process of shaping the gender-based ideology of Yugoslavism. Just after the First World War, this organisation gathered the civic part of the female movement in the new state. War experiences and contributions of women from Serbia significantly differed from the background experiences of women from other parts of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The analysis of the strategy and policies advocated by the leading representatives of the Serbian Union at the Founding Congress in Belgrade in 1919 suggests that they relied on multiple legitimacies of the state – victors in the war, sacrifices and suffering of the people, great contributions of women from Serbia to the war victory, and the long tradition of pre-war female joint humanitarian and emancipatory efforts in the Kingdom of Serbia.

Oversharing on and off the Internet: Crossing from Digital to Print (and Back) in Young Adult Works Authored by YouTube Stars

The mid-2010s saw a wave of nonfiction young adult literature published by authors who initially gained fame through YouTube. In addition to the authors’ shared background experiences, these memoirs have another feature in common. Each example of life writing puts forward a consistent narrative regarding the rationale for their existence: increased intimacy. This chapter offers an analysis of YA YouTube memoirs, first identifying the unique features of this subgenre of youth literature and, then, exploring the question of intimacy across print and digital formats. Despite these author’s claims, intimacy in print or digital narratives might be an impossibility; however, analysis of these memoirs, which function as examples of transmedia storytelling, offers a fruitful space to explore the question of what counts as young adult literature and how scholars of YA literature might study this genre as it expands beyond print texts.

Engaging Adult Learners and Fostering Self-Directedness

It is clear that educators rely on a variety of instructional methods to change learners’ behaviors. What is less clear is how distance learning educators can foster deeper and more meaningful learning by taking into account a learner’s unique background, experiences, competencies, learning styles, personality type, and levels of self-directedness. This is a challenge for those educators wishing to create a learner-centered instructional environment at a distance. How can educators avoid the trap of “teaching to the middle,” providing materials that are too challenging for some learners and too simple for others? How can educators identify learners’ dependency level/self-directedness?

The Making of Abiezer Coppe

This article seeks to uncover the origins of the ‘Ranters’ by examining Abiezer Coppe's early life and social network. It suggests that Coppe's background, experiences and milieu – particularly his Baptist phase and the associations he made during this period – are crucial to appreciate the genesis of the ‘Ranters’. As such it should be regarded as a further contribution towards the growing consensus that the origins of ‘radicalism’ in the English Revolution are to be located in the religion of the ‘hotter sort’ of Protestants lower down the social scale.