Literature Review: Physical Activity Pattern and Depression During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Adolescents

The spread of Covid-19 cases throughout the world, including Indonesia, has caused regional governments to issue regional implementation policies. This directly affects people's behavior, especially in physical activity. Lack of physical activity and limited activities outside the home also cause depression in society. This literature review begins with topic selection, selecting keywords to searching for journal references. The basic data used include Google Schoolar, Sinta and Pubmed. The keywords used are physical activity, the covid-19 pandemic, behavior, adolescents and adults, and depression. This study searches a reference study list that includes 3,060 studies retrieved via search engines. A total of 25 articles were included in and 10 articles were included in the discussion. The results of this study are that the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the pattern of people's activities and the combination of physical activity and social activity causes symptoms of depression in the community.Keywords: Covid-19, Physical Activity, Depression

Assessment of Knowledge and Physical Activity Pattern of Civil Servants in Ilorin South Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria

If regular physical activity can be packaged into a pill, it will be the commonest drug on the counter. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge and physical activity pattern of civil servants in Ilorin south Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of survey method was used for this study. The population for this study comprised civil servants in Ilorin South Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage probability sampling technique was conducted to select 259 respondents. Adapted GPAQ was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability. A correlation co-efficient of 0.84 was obtained through test re-test method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Socio-demographic data of the respondents was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and to answer the research questions; inferential statistics of Pearson’s Product Movement Correlation (PPMC), One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 significance. It was concluded in the study that there is significant relationship on Knowledge and pattern of physical activity of civil servants in Ilorin South Local Government Kwara State among others. Recommendation this study; experts in the field of physical activity and fitness in conjunction with the management of various ministries and commissions in the study locale should organise workshops and seminars to improve the knowledge of the civil servants on the benefits of regular participation in physical activity. Also, an official hour should be earmarked for staff to encourage participation by all.

Equity impacts of interventions to increase physical activity: A health impact assessment

Background Behavioural interventions may increase social inequalities in health. This study aimed to project the equity impact of physical activity interventions that have differential effectiveness across education groups on the long-term health inequalities among older adults in Germany. Methods We created six hypothetical intervention scenarios targeting adults aged 55 years and above: Scenarios #1 to #4 applied realistic intervention effects that varied by education. Under scenario #5, the lower and medium educated group adapted the physical activity pattern of the higher educated. Under scenario #6, all persons increased their physical activity level to the recommended 300 minutes weekly. The number of incident ischemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes cases as well as deaths from all causes was simulated under each of these six intervention scenarios for males and females over a 10-year projection period using the DYNAMO-HIA tool, and compared against a reference scenario with unchanged physical activity pattern. Results For males, the highest reduction of disease cases and deaths would be achieved under scenario #4 (most effective in higher educated persons), while increasing inequalities between education groups. For females, the highest reduction would be achieved under scenario #3 (most effective in lower educated persons), while decreasing inequalities between education groups. Scenarios #1 to #4 would prevent only a fraction of the disease cases and deaths that would be avoided under scenario #5 or scenario #6. Conclusions This modelling study shows how the overall population health impact varies, depending on how intervention-induced physical activity changes differ across education groups. For decision-makers, both the assessment of health impacts overall as well as within a population is relevant, as interventions with the greatest population health gain might be accompanied by an unintended increase in health inequalities. Key messages Health impact assessments with a focus on equity are essential for decision-makers. In order to correctly project population health effects, and choose between options of intervention types from a public health perspective, data on subgroup-specific intervention effects are needed.

Sociodemographic factors and physical activity pattern in people with systemic hypertension

Objective: to verify the association between sociodemographic factors and physical activity pattern in people with systemic hypertension. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted with 220 hypertensive people. The international physical activity questionnaire was used for data collection and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for data treatment. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a robust Poisson regression model. Results: sedentary behavior pattern prevailed in all sections of the instrument. At work, the sedentary behavior pattern was prevalent in males and in participants aged ≥ 60 years. At home, males were 16.0% more sedentary, age ≥ 60 years old had 13.0% more sedentary behavior pattern and black race 43.0% more sedentary behavior pattern. Conclusion: an association was observed between the sex, age, and race variables in the home domain; and sex and age in the work dimension.

Maternal Food Habit, Nutrient Intake and Physical Activity Pattern on New Born Anthropometry of Secondary and Tertiary Health Facilities in Abeokuta Metropolis

Objectives The aims of this study were to assess maternal food habit, their nutrient intake and physical activity pattern on the new born anthropometry. Methods Pregnant women (n = 200) at the second and third trimesters attending secondary and tertiary health facilities in Abeokuta were systematically selected into the study using their booking register (N/n) irrespective of their social-economic characteristic. Semi structured pretested questionnaire consisting of 19point questions on food habit, FAO/WHO 24hr diet and physical activity recall (in minutes) with Ainsworth P.A compendium tracking events with meal times were administered to the respondents to assess their food habit, nutrient intake and P.A respectively while the new born anthropometry were obtained as secondary data from delivery records. The nutrient intake and P.A were evaluated using nutri-survey17.0; the nutrient intake was compared with Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) while P.A and new born anthropometry were classified according to WHO. Results Result indicated that 90.9% of respondents were within 20–39years, 83.0% Yoruba, 86.0% married, 50.3% had tertiary education, 32.2% were traders while 41.0% earn ₦18,000-₦50,000 monthly. Food habit shows that 12.5% has food taboo, 2.5% drink alcohol, 24.0% skip meals, 7.0% smoke cigarette, while 25.5% purchased their meals rather than prepare it.Majority (84.4%) were physically inactive, 11.1% moderately active while only 4.5% were vigorously active. About half (48.8%) of the new born were pre-termed, 20.0% had short length, 15.6% low birth weight and 31.8% had high head circumference. No direct association between P.A and the neonatal anthropometry measured but there were significant association between socio-economic status and nutrient intake (P = 0.007), nutrient intake (carbohydrate) and almost all the neonatal anthropometry (P = 0.006). Conclusions The carbohydrate and micronutrient intake of the study respondents influenced birth outcome especially pre-termed birth. Therefore reduction in carbohydrate and improvement in micronutrients particularly calcium are hereby recommended to the respondents of the study. Funding Sources None.