Inducible heat shock protein A1A (HSPA1A) is markedly expressed in rat myometrium by labour and secreted via myometrial cell-derived extracellular vesicles

The myometrium goes through physiological, cellular and molecular alterations during gestation that necessitate effective cellular proteostasis. Inducible heat shock protein A1A (HSPA1A) is a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein A (HSPA) family, which acts as a chaperone to regulate proteostasis; however, HSPA1A also participates as a cytokine in inflammatory regulation, leading to its designation as a chaperokine. This study examined the spatiotemporal expression of HSPA1A protein in the rat myometrium throughout gestation and assessed whether it is secreted as cargo of myometrial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that HSPA1A expression was markedly elevated during late pregnancy and labour and increased by uterine distension. Myometrial HSPA1A expression insitu increased in myocytes of longitudinal and circular muscle layers from Day 19 through to postpartum, specifically in the cytoplasm and nuclei of myocytes from both muscle layers, but frequently detectable just outside myocyte membranes. Scanning electron microscopy examination of samples isolated from hTERT-HM cell-conditioned culture medium, using EV isolation spin columns, confirmed the presence of EVs. EV lysates contained HSPA8, HSPA1A and the EV markers apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (Alix), the tetraspanin cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63), tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and HSP90, but not the endoplasmic reticulum protein calnexin. These results indicate that HSPA1A may act as a chaperokine in the myometrium during pregnancy.

Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar 4x4 EHG Signal for Classifying Uterine Contraction

Proper evaluation and detection of uterine contraction is an important treat during gestation period. Uterine contraction happens by the generation of electrical activity from a given myometrial cell to the adjacent cell. There are various methods for monitoring uterine contraction but they lack to distinguish true labour contractions (efficient) from contractions that will not cause delivery (inefficient). One of the most accurate non-invasive technique for monitoring uterine contraction is the uterine electromyogram or Electrohysterogram (EHG). The main aim of this paper is to check whether it is possible to discriminate labour and pregnancy contraction by using 16 electrode database. And also to check bipolar signals give better classification rate than monopolar signals. Result shows that bipolar signal have better performance than monopolar signals.