PENGARUH METODE DEMONSTRASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PEMELIHARAAN SASIS DAN PEMINDAH TENAGA KENDARAAN RINGAN KELAS XI TKR SMK NEGERI 1 MOTOLING

THE EFFECT OF DEMONSTRATION METHODS ON LEARNING RESULTS OF SASIS AND MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLE CLASS XI TKR SMK NEGERI 1 MOTOLING By: FRANDO RUNTUNUWU NIM 14 212 036 Supervisor : Dr. H. M. Sumual, ST, M.Eng Ir. D. J. I. Manongko, M.Eng ABSTRACT This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of demonstration methods on learning outcomes applying manual transmission maintenance at SMK Negeri 1 Motoling. This research method uses a quantitative approach, using the experimental method. Namely a method that is directed at solving problems by describing or describing what the research results are. The results showed that the effect of the demonstration method can significantly improve student learning outcomes in the Subject of Light Vehicle Chassis Maintenance at SMK Negeri 1 Motoling. Effect of learning Demonstration method through statistical tests using t-test, it turns out that the value of t is greater than t table or t = 3.071> t table = 1.684 at α = 0.05 dk = n - 2.Thus this study accepts the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and rejecting the normal hypothesis (H0) means that there is an effect of Demonstration Method Learning on student learning outcomes in the subject of Light Vehicle Chassis Maintenance at SMK Negeri 1 Motoling. . Keywords: Demonstration Method, Learning Outcomes and SPT TKR.

Synchronization in multi-motor hydromechanical systems

Introduction. The paper submits the analysis of existing design solutions of flow dividers used to synchronize hydraulic drives of working bodies of technological and mobile machines. The market demands for multithreaded throttle flow dividers without valves with the controlled division ratio, such as multi-axle vehicle chassis, are identified. The objective of the work was to analyze the possibility and rationale for developing a throttle four-way flow divider without valves with sensing elements of the Venturi tube type. The solution should provide the synchronicity of movement (rotation) of more than three working bodies of technological and mobile machines.Materials and Methods. A patent search for the designs of hydraulic flow dividers is carried out, and systems that require the division of the hydraulic fluid flow into more than two executive bodies are considered. An upgrade option, which allows dividing the flow into four branches, is proposed for the design of a three-channel throttle flow divider without valves.Results. The urgency of developing a multithreaded throttle flow divider without valves for application in industrial and mobile machines is validated. Two types of four-flow dividers are considered, their weaknesses are indicated. It is noted that the development of a multithreaded throttle flow divider based on the designs created in 1989 and 1991 will reduce the number of hydraulic pumps and get rid of the series connection of double-flow dividers. In this way, it is possible to reduce pressure losses in the hydraulic system and implement adaptive control of hydraulic motors of multi-motor mobile machines. The possibility to obtain a divider/combiner into four flows by adding an outlet chamber connected to the membrane chamber through a channel entering the Venturi nozzle on the basis of a three-flow throttle divider is shown. The principle of operation of such equipment is described.Discussion and Conclusions. The principles of construction of throttle flow dividers without valves are considered. An upgrade option is proposed to increase the number of division channels from three to four. However, to validate the operability of this design, a numerical analysis of the various modes of operation of the divider is required — calculation of the reduced volumetric stiffness of its working cavities. The information obtained can be used to modernize the hydraulic units of technological and mobile machines, increase their reliability, manufacturability, and efficiency. The issues that need to be solved in further research are identified.

Modelling and FE Simulation of HVC Using Multi Objective Response Surface Optimization Techniques

The purpose of an automotive chassis is to maintain the shape of the vehicle and bear the various loads that are applied to the vehicle. The structure typically accounts for a large portion of the development and production costs of the new vehicle program, and the designer has many different structural concepts available. Choosing the best is important to ensure acceptable structural performance under other design constraints, such as cost, volume and method of production, product application, and more. The material selection for chassis depends upon various factors like lightness, economy, safety, recyclability, and circulation of life. The current study aims to perform optimization of the design of a heavy vehicle chassis using central composite design & optimal space fill design scheme (s) with the material tested is Al6092/SiC/17.5p MMC. Different design points are generated using design of experiments. The equivalent stress, deformation and mass are evaluated for each design points. The CAD modelling and FE simulation of heavy motor vehicle chassis is conducted using ANSYS software. From the optimization conducted on chassis design, response surface plots of equivalent stress, deformation and mass are generated which enabled to determine the range of dimensions for which these parameters are maximum or minimum. The use of Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminium-Matrix Composites Al6092/SiC/17.5p MMC aided to reduce weight of chassis by 66.25% and 66.68% by using CCD and Optimal space fill design scheme respectively, without much reduction in strength of chassis.

Numerical Modelling and Multi Objective Optimization Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Chassis

The primary supporting structure of an automobile and its other vital systems is the chassis. The chassis structure is required to bear high shock, stresses, and vibration, and therefore it should possess adequate strength. The objective of current research is to analyze a heavy motor vehicle chassis using numerical and experimental methods. The CAD design and FE analysis is conducted using the ANSYS software. The design of the chassis is then optimized using Taguchi design of Experiments (DOE); the optimization techniques used are the central composite design (CCD) scheme and optimal space filling (OSF) design. Thereafter, sensitivity plots and response surface plots are generated. These plots allow us to determine the critical range of optimized chassis geometry values. The optimization results obtained from the CCD design scheme show that cross member 1 has a higher effect on the equivalent stresses as compared to cross members 2 and 3. The chassis mass reduction obtained from the CCD scheme is approximately 5.3%. The optimization results obtained from the OSF scheme shows that cross member 2 has a higher effect on equivalent stress as compared to cross members 1 and 3. The chassis mass reduction obtained from optimal space filling design scheme is approximately 4.35%.

Fisher Identifiability Analysis of Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics

This paper investigates the theoretical Cram´er-Rao bounds on estimation accuracy of longitudinal vehicle dynamics parameters. This analysis is motivated by the value of parameter estimation in various applications, including chassis model validation and active safety. Relevant literature addresses this demand through algorithms capable of estimating chassis parameters for diverse conditions. While the implementation of such algorithms has been studied, the question of fundamental limits on their accuracy remains largely unexplored. We address this question by presenting two contributions. First, this paper presents theoretical findings which reveal the prevailing effects underpinning vehicle chassis parameter identifiability. We then validate these findings with data from on-road experiments. Our results demonstrate, among a variety of effects, the strong relevance of road grade variability in determining parameter identifiability from a drive cycle. These findings can motivate improved experimental designs in the future.

A Self-Diagnostic Method for Automobile Faults in Multiple Working Conditions Based on SOM-BPNN

Due to the complex and diverse forms of automobile emission detection faults and various interference factors, it is difficult to determine the fault types effectively and accurately use the traditional diagnosis model. In this paper, a multicondition auto fault diagnosis method based on a vehicle chassis dynamometer is proposed. 3σ method and data normalization were used to pretreat tail gas data. BPNN-RNN (Back Propagation Neural Networks-Recurrent Neural Networks) variable speed integral PID control method was used to achieve high-precision vehicle chassis dynamometer control. Accurate tail gas data were obtained. The simulation and test results of BPNN-RNN variable speed integral PID control were verified and analyzed. The PID control method can quickly adjust PID parameters (within 10 control cycles), control overshoot within 2% of the target value, eliminate the static error, and improve the control performance of the vehicle chassis dynamometer. Combined with BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network) and SOM (Self-organizing Maps) network, a BPNN-SOM fault diagnosis model is proposed in this paper. By comparing and analyzing the fault diagnosis performance of various neural networks and SOM-BPNN algorithm, it is found that the SOM-BPNN model has the best comprehensive result, the prediction accuracy is 98.75%, the time is 0.45 seconds, and it has good real-time stability. The proposed model can effectively diagnose the vehicle fault, provide a certain direction for maintenance personnel to judge the vehicle state, and provide certain help to alleviate traffic pollution problem.

FxLMS Algorithm for Active Vibration Control of Structure By Using Inertial Damper with Displacement Constraint

Engine is the main source of vibration that generates unwanted noise and vibration of vehicle chassis. Especially, in submarine applications, radiation of noise signatures can be detected at some distance away from the submarine using a sonar array. Thus quiet operation is crucial for submarine’s survivability. This study addresses reduction of the force transmissibility originating from engines and transmitted to hull through engine mounts. An inertial damper, as an actuator of hybrid mount system, is addressed to reduce even further the level of vibration. Narrow band FxLMS algorithms are broadly used to cancel the vibration of engine mount because of its excellent performance of canceling narrow band noise. However, in real active dampers, the maximum displacement of damper mass is kinematically restricted. When the control input signal from the FxLMS algorithm exceeds this limitation, the damper mass will collide with the mechanical stops and results in many problems. Originated from these, a modified narrow band FxLMS algorithm based on the equalizer technique with the maximum allowable displacement of active damper mass is proposed in this study. Some simulation results showed that the propose algorithm is effective to suppress vibration of engine mount while ensuring given displacement constraint.

Analysis of multiple failure behaviors of steering knuckle ball hinge of multi-axle heavy vehicle

The ball hinge is a key component of the vehicle chassis that connects the steering knuckle and the control arm. The study analyzed the multiple failure behaviors of the chassis ball hinge. Firstly, according to the macroscopic failure characteristics of the ball hinge, the fault tree analysis method was adopted to identify the possible cause of the failure. Then, the axial load and radial load on the ball joint were obtained by simulating the force of the vehicle under the typical extreme conditions. The stress distribution of the ball pin was obtained by finite element analysis of the ball joint. The calculation results are consistent with the fatigue crack position of the ball hinge. Finally, the macro morphology and microstructure of the ball joint seat, ball bowl, dust cover and other parts matched with the ball hinge were analyzed to further verify the failure mode of the ball hinge. The results showed that the dust cover of the ball hinge was firstly aged and cracked, and the external dust and particles enter into the friction contact area of the ball hinge, which caused the ball pin and ball bowl to be stuck. During the operating of the vehicle, the ball pin undergoes unidirectional bending fatigue fracture in the stress concentration area at the root of the conical surface.

Modified Electromagnetic Actuator for Active Suspension System

Active suspension is a type of suspension systems which can vary its damping value in order to adjust the spring firmness in accordance with the road conditions. Real Active Suspension incorporates an external actuator which helps in raising or lowering of vehicle chassis independently at each wheel. Generally, the actuators that are used for active suspension are Hydropneumatic, Electro-hydraulic or Electromagnetic actuators. A new concept of two-way electromagnetic actuation with the help of magnetic damping is proposed in this paper, which can extend its arm on both sides to facilitate active suspension mechanism in both humps and potholes. This increases the ride quality while maneuvering not only in humps, but also in dumps. It also describes about the comparison of spring materials, sophisticated design, construction and working principle of newly proposed actuator. Catia V5 software has been used to design and simulate the actuator model, different spring materials are analyzed and their shear stress and deflections are compared.