On the comparison of two approaches to intersectoral balance analysis

The diversification of the inter-industry connections of modern economies seriously hindered the analysis of production networks evolution and input-output balances projection, that traditionally was made by the Leontief Input-Output balance model. That is why the new approaches have begun to develop, that take into account the substitutability of products and services in modern supply networks. In this work we discuss the quality of the new approach to the intersectoral linkages analysis, that is based on the nonlinear model of resource allocation with Cobb-Douglas production technologies. We compare this approach with the traditional Leontief’s scheme of intersectoral connection studying. We make evaluations using the both of methods for large economies, that are on different stages of economic development.

On Conversion Talk in Indian Clinical Contexts: A Pilot Venture

Conversion therapies are founded on the premises of altering one’s sexual orientation/gender identity to compulsory cis-heterosexuality. They target LGBTQIA+ individuals globally and negatively impact their psychosexual health and well-being. These therapies were not discredited explicitly in the Indian mental health context until 2020. In the current article, two case vignettes are sampled from self-identified transgender individuals who faced conversion efforts in various capacities, their families, and health care professionals being collateral stakeholders in the process. These case vignettes are shaped from first-person narrative accounts elicited from the participants in narrative inquiry format through virtual interactive sessions. The cases are critically discussed in the light of the present clinical-scientific consensus and future implications. The routes to more affirmative mental health ecosystems are explored through probable intersectoral linkages.

Allocating fiscal stimulus during COVID-19 crisis based on sectoral linkages in Egypt for increasing growth and reducing unemployment

Purpose This paper aims to study the inter-sectoral linkages in the Egyptian economy, to increase the efficiency of allocating L.E 100bn fiscal stimulus package (FSP) to tackle the economic fallout from COVID-19 based on the strength of the backward and forward linkages of various sectors, and the values of both employment and value-added multipliers. The paper also measures the impact of the new FSP on the capability of various sectors in creating job opportunities and increasing economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The paper studies the intersectoral linkages by calculating backward and forward linkages index based on the latest input and output tables available for the Egyptian economy published in 2018. It also depends on a bivariate optimization model to distribute new investments allocated through the FSP based on the values of both employment and value-added multiplier for those sectors. The paper calculated both employment and value-added coefficients to measure the impact of the FSP on creating job opportunities and increasing growth rates. Findings Based on the results of the empirical analysis, both key sectors (with strong backward and forward linkages) and sectors with strong backward linkages have the highest impact on creating job opportunities and increasing growth rates in the Egyptian economy, which means that allocating FSPs in a way which targets those sectors, especially during economic crisis, could help in increasing the positive impacts of those packages. Originality/value The paper is based on the unbalanced growth theory of Hirschman and uses the empirical analysis to study the intersectoral linkages and allocate new investments through FSP through different sectors. The main policy implication of the empirical results of this paper suggests targeting the key sectors and the sectors with strong backward linkages during tough economic times related to COVID-19, to increase the positive impact of the package on the whole economy.

How Has Globalization Affected the Economic Growth, Structural Change, and Poverty Reduction Linkages?

This chapter focuses on the complex relationships between structural change on the one hand and employment creation and poverty reduction on the other hand. It argues that globalization may have ambiguous effects on the relationships between growth and structural change by distorting domestic intersectoral linkages in the developing economies. As a result, structural change accompanied by the growth of output may not necessarily create additional employment and contribute to reductions in poverty. The key hypothesis of the chapter is that if economic growth is accompanied by productivity-enhancing structural change, it serves to generate high-productivity employment and ensures poverty reduction. The empirical results provide weak support for the hypothesis.

Модели экономического влияния рекламы: три уровня эффектов

Настоящая работа представляет собой первую, вводную часть цикла статей, посвященных обзору существующих моделей, методов и взглядов на эффекты воздействия экономического института рекламы на рынок на всех возможных уровнях. В первой части цикла приводится общий обзор наиболее значимых подходов к изучению рекламной деятельности фирм, влияния рекламы на потребителей и на характеристики экономического равновесия. Построена классификация экономических эффектов рекламы, учитывающая все существующие аспекты ее воздействия и кратко описаны подходы к анализу ее первичных, вторичных и третичных эффектов. The present work is an introduction to a cycle of review articles dedicated to a comprehensive description and analysis of effects caused by advertising as an economic institution on the whole economy on different levels. A general review of most significant approaches to analyze the firms advertising activities is carried out as well as a diversified overview of methods and mathematical apparatus of modelling advertisement influence on consumers and on the characteristics of economic equilibrium. A classification of such influence effects is constructed, based on different characteristics of advertising, including its content, duration, intensity, as well as types of firms’ ad strategies and the level of economy affected by ad influence. From the latter point of view the economic effects of advertising may be divided into three levels. Primary effects involve only the consumers and describe the shift in their demand inspired by advertisement. The emergence of primary effects gives a new tool to operate the demand for the producing firms. For the latter it means that they may develop an optimal strategy, different from the one that fits the “non-ad” case, and this difference forms the essence of the secondary tier of the economic effects of the advertising (secondary effects). Finally, the tertiary effects of advertising deal with the shift in general market characteristics and structure induced by the existence of advertising as an institution such as social welfare change or emergence of new equilibriums or advertising markets as well as advertising-driven intersectoral linkages between production and media industries.