A Scoping Review Examining Governance, Co-Creation, and Social and Ecological Justice in Living Labs Literature

Living Labs (LLs) are increasingly being used as an approach to address complex sustainability-related challenges. Inspired by existing knowledge and practice gaps, calls for further examination of governance and co-creation in relation to LLs work, and our experiences in the Lake Superior Living Labs Network, we conducted a scoping review of the recent (2015–2019) LLs literature. This review focused on peer-reviewed LLs literature aimed at addressing sustainability-related challenges and involving universities as key collaborators specifically. This scoping review addressed the research questions: how are LLs conceptualized, described, and applied? how are LLs governed? How is co-creation supported in LLs work? and, are social and/or environmental justice considered in LLs work? From the 729 citations gathered in the electronic database searches, 48 papers were identified as relevant through the screening and eligibility assessment. We found that this literature is growing rapidly, highly interdisciplinary, and predominantly taking place within European urban centres. We summarize the findings in relation to our research questions and outline implications for interrogating governance, unpacking co-creation, and working towards social and ecological justice in LLs research and practice. We conclude by outlining four key research directions to advance LLs work, including, (1) expanding research across a greater diversity of settings; (2) examining and analyzing governance and power dynamics; (3) exploring how learning evolves via co-creation; and (4) examining how universities are impeding and/or supporting advances in relation to governance, co-creation, and justice in LLs work.

Technology Based Model of a Mobile Knowledge as a Service to Facilitate Education Community

Technological enhancements as well as the demand of students to access learning information on time and quickly has resulted to the development of e-learning across the world. Mobile learning has been adopted by most learning institution as a mobile technology that allows learners to access learning materials and share information among themselves and respective educators easily and quickly. This article discusses the intention of users in learning environment adopting m-learning, their perceptions as well as factors that hinder implementation of m-learning in the gulf region. Effective mobile technology adoption also enhances knowledge management through mobile applications that allow information capture, storage, retrieval and sharing. This study uses systematic literature review to collect information from post 2017 studies previous conducted by other researchers. Articles were searched through highly ranked databases from which 657 journals were identified. After the screening and eligibility assessment, 24 journals were retrieved. The back and forward search retrieved 4 more journals bringing the total to 28 journals that were included in the study. Based on this information, a conceptual model is developed to help assess the m-learning perceptions, adoption intentions and factors influencing its adoption among learning institutions in the gulf region. This model is built based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Based on the developed model, main constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence are greatly impacted by other factors like learner’s creativity and mobility.

Value in oncology from multi-criteria decision analysis: A systematic review

Objective: This study aims for three purposes: a) review the published MCDAs in oncology to identify the criteria considered valuable by the stakeholders, b) evaluate the adherence to best practice recommendations, and c) Propose a value tree, based on the findings of the systematic review, reflecting the most important criteria for the different stakeholders. Material and Methods: This systematic review consisted of the following phases: identification, screening, eligibility assessment, assessment of adherence to best practices, and extraction of the information. The identification was conducted in PUBMED, EMBASE, EBSCO, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Web of Science including records from January 1st, 1990, to February 28th, 2021. The adherence to best practices in MCDA were evaluated. A new value tree was made. Results: Thirteen articles were included. Colon, breast, and hematological cancer were the most frequently evaluated (n=10, 69,2%). Physicians and patients were the most representative participants. The value measurement approach was the most used (n=11, 84,6%). The overall adherence rate to the recommendations was 77,3%. One hundred ninety-five criteria were identified. The relevant criteria for all stakeholders were “Improvement clinical efficacy" (24,5%), "Severity of disease" (13,5%), and "Improvement of safety & tolerability." (10,3%). The physicians valued "Improvement clinical efficacy" (28,4%), "Severity of disease" (10,5%), and "Improvement of safety & tolerability." (8,4%) The most relevant criterion for the patients was "Severity of disease" (34,4%), "Improvement of clinical efficacy." (24,1%), and "Improvement of perceived health status" (13,8%). The significant criteria for administrative and academics were "Innovativeness of intervention" (37%) and "Improvement clinical efficacy" (14,8%). Conclusion: The number of MCDAs in oncology is scarce and with moderate adherence to best practice recommendations. A value tree based on relevant criteria was proposed.

A systematic literature review on the use of health care resources during pandemic response

Background The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need for better pandemic preparedness and response, and more international collaboration. The H2020 EU-funded PANDEM-2 project aims to prepare Europe for future pandemics. As part of the project, an European dashboard consisting of epidemiological data and insights on available pandemic health care capacity is developed. To model and map the availability of pandemic resources, data on the use of these resources and interdependencies between resources are needed to parametrize the resource model of the PANDEM-2 dashboard. Methods We conduct a systematic literature review. The database Embase.com was searched on articles that include a model, scenario, or simulation of pandemic resources and/or describe resource parameters, for example PPE usage, length of stay on the ICU, or vaccine efficacy. Our search included data from all continents and focuses on infectious diseases that have been declared a pandemic by the WHO in the last twenty years, which are the H1N1 influenza (2009-2010) and COVID-19 (ongoing). Preliminary results The search query and additional sources resulted in 1215 articles, of which 187 are included for the full text eligibility assessment. We identified several pandemic resources in the field of vaccination (vaccine efficacy), contact tracing (apps), general practitioners, the hospital (staff, PPE, ventilators), and national and regional public health institutes. Furthermore, interdependencies between resources and possible resource gaps were found, for example in hospital staff and PPE. Conclusions To be better prepared and to be able to respond fast to a pandemic outbreak, it is important to have insight in the availability of pandemic resources on a national and regional level, their use and mutual dependencies. This makes it possible to anticipate on fast changes and possible shortages by reallocating resources within and between regions.

SISTEM PENENTUAN PEMBERIAN PINJAMAN DANA PADA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING

In providing loans, cooperatives have stages that must be passed before credit is decided to be disbursed. The aim is to facilitate cooperatives in assessing the feasibility of a credit application. The loan eligibility assessment is carried out with many assessment criteria including employment, income, capital/shares, number of dependents, and house status. Analysis of loan eligibility requires the accuracy of a credit analyst in analyzing credit applicants submitted by members. If the credit analysis is not precise, then the provision of credit funds can be difficult and even make a loss. So to determine whether a loan application can be accepted or not, of course, cooperative management has many multi-criteria considerations. In this study, an analysis was carried out using the Simple Additive Weighting method to facilitate the process of making feasibility decisions and eliminating lending to prospective debtors. The results of the study show that the results of the calculation of the determination of lending funds to members of savings and loan cooperatives using the simple additive weighting method can show alternatives that are eligible to receive loans with a preference value >= 60% and also alternatives that are not eligible to receive loans, namely with a preference value of <= 60%.

Health Disparities in Otology: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review

Objective Social determinants of health (SDOHs), including but not limited to sex, race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and education level, play a significant role in health disparities and affect health outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine health disparities in otology within the United States and highlight areas warranting further research. Data Sources PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE. Review Methods Our search encompassed all years through January 10, 2021. All peer-reviewed primary literature of any design and publication date regarding health disparities and otology outcomes in the United States was eligible for inclusion. Eligibility assessment was performed via 3 independent investigators. Results Of the 6326 unique abstracts identified, 188 studies underwent full-text review, and 52 remained in the final review. The most frequently examined otologic condition was hearing loss (36.5%), followed by cochlear implantation (28.8%) and infection/effusion (15.4%). Vertigo/dizziness (1.9%), Ménière’s disease (1.9%), and tinnitus (1.9%) were the least represented otologic conditions. Comprehensive articles on multiple disparity topics were the most common (n = 18), followed by articles on race/ethnicity (n = 11) and socioeconomic status (n = 9). Language (n = 2), education (n = 2), and gender (n = 1) were the least discussed. Over 5-fold the number of articles were published between 2011 and 2020 compared to the preceding decade (42 vs 8). Conclusion This study captures the existing literature regarding health disparities and outcomes in otology. The lack of robust data suggests the need for future quality studies aimed at investigating disparities in otologic care, as well as a broader push for recording and reporting SDOHs.

Is Childhood Maltreatment Associated with Body Image Disturbances in Adulthood? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose We aimed to synthesize the evidence for an association between childhood maltreatment and body image disturbances in adulthood. Information on maltreatment subtypes and mediator variables was included to gain further insights into the mechanisms of the association. In addition, we aimed to examine the role of body image disturbances in the development of negative mental health outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment. Methods Based on a comprehensive search strategy, eligible studies were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The eligibility assessment was performed by two reviewers, and 132 articles were studied full-text. To reduce heterogeneity, only non-clinical samples were included in the meta-analysis. A meta-regression was computed to examine the influence of maltreatment subtype on body image disturbances. Results Our results provide evidence for a robust association between childhood maltreatment and cognitive-affective body image, both in clinical and community samples. Included studies (N = 40) indicate that body image disturbances are especially pronounced in individuals suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after childhood maltreatment. The meta-analysis included 12 studies with a total of 15.481 participants, and indicates a small overall effect size (r = 0.21, 95% CI = [0.16, 0.26], p < .001). Meta-regression revealed no significant impact of maltreatment subtype in non-clinical samples. Conclusion Childhood maltreatment should be considered as a distal risk factor for the development of a negative cognitive-affective body image. We argue for future longitudinal studies which allow a better understanding of the pathways linking childhood maltreatment, body image disturbances and associated psychopathology.

Antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste in teeth with primary endodontic infection: A systematic review

Objectives: This systematic review aims to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) as an intracanal medicament for root canal treatment of permanent or primary teeth with primary endodontic infection, as compared to other intracanal medicaments. Material and Methods: Three electronic databases, namely PubMed, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, were searched for articles published in the English language till December 2019. Two hundred eighty-three studies were obtained for screening from an electronic database and one from the reference list of an article. After screening 234 records by title and abstract, 226 were excluded, and eight were selected for full-text eligibility assessment. Finally four studies were included in the systematic review. Results: Due to variations in the methods of outcome measurement and its evaluation at different time points, it was impossible to present the results as a meta-analysis. Thus, a narrative synthesis was performed for TAP compared to comparators used. The overall quality of included studies suggested a moderate risk of bias. Three comparators were reported in the included studies: Calcium hydroxide (CH) with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), CH alone, and Ocimum sanctum. The antimicrobial efficacy of TAP was significantly better than plain CH and O. sanctum, whereas results did not differ significantly between TAP and CH plus 2% CHX. Conclusion: There is a lack of sufficiently high-quality clinical studies regarding the use of TAP. More clinical trials are recommended comparing the antimicrobial efficacy of TAP and other intracanal medicaments under standard protocols to establish a strong clinical evidence.