Electrocatalytic Resorcinol Oxidation by Active Oxygen forms in Situ Generated in Conjugate Reactions on Pt and Pb/PbO₂ Anodes and Mesostructured Carbon Cathode СМК‑3

Kinetics and selectivity of indirect electrocatalytic resorcinol oxidation by active oxygen forms (AOF) in situ generated from oxygen in gas diffusion electrode (GDE) mesostructured carbon CMK‑3 and Pt, Pb/PbO2 at different pH were studied. The high resorcinol oxidation process effectivity in both Pt-GDE at pH=10 (99 %) and Pb/PbO2 + Fe2+ at рН=2 (99 %) systems was shown; the resorcinol oxidation scheme was proposed

CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE OXYGEN FORMS AND ANTIOXIDANTS AT EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS REMODELING BY GRAPE POLYPHENOLS

Adipose tissue in obesity produces more active oxygen forms and inflammatory cytokines, which results in the development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and a metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, there has been a growing interest in natural products for oxidative stress remodeling. Therefore, it is relevant to study grape polyphenols (GPs) to develop certain techniques for oxidative stress prevention and treatment. The goal of the paper is to examine antioxidant profiles in MS, and the efficacy of its pathogenetic correction with GPs. Materials and Methods. The authors estimated the ratio of peroxidase (PA) activity and thiobarbituric acid active products (TBA-APs), and the ratio of ceruloplasmin (C) and PA. Results. The authors observed stereotypical changes in the systems of antioxidant and antiproteolytic protection in MS. Thus, with MS, there was recorded a decrease in PA/TBA-AP ratio (2.3 compared with 16.6 in norm) and an increase in C/PA ratio (3.17 compared with 0.62 in norm). In the case of “Fenokor” administration for MS remodeling, the level of superoxide dismutase became normal. Moreover, the authors observed the highest level of TBA-active products in experimental animals. MS remodeling with Fenokor was effective: PA/TBA ratio was 2 times higher than in the control, and C/PA ratio was 0.86. Catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were 5 and 1.3 times higher than in norm, respectively. Conclusion. Normalization of PA/TBA-AP and C/PA ratios under “Fenokor” allows us to GPs with a high polyphenol content to correct antioxidant status and reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Keywords: oxidative stress; grape polyphenols. Жировая ткань при ожирении производит большее количество активных форм кислорода и воспалительных цитокинов, что приводит к развитию синдрома системной воспалительной реакции (ССВР) и метаболического синдрома (МС). В последнее время возрастает интерес к использованию продуктов натурального происхождения для коррекции оксидативного стресса. Поэтому представляется актуальным изучение полифенольных продуктов переработки винограда (ПППВ) для разработки методов профилактики и терапии проявлений окислительного стресса. Цель – изучение антиоксидантных профилей при МС, а также эффективности его патогенетической коррекции ПППВ. Материалы и методы. Оценивали отношение активности пероксидазы (ПА) и активных продуктов тиобарбитуровой кислоты (ТБК-АП), а также церулоплазмина (Ц) и ПА. Результаты. Показана определённая стереотипность изменений в системах антиоксидантной и антипротеолитической защиты при МС. Так, при МС регистрировалось снижение ПА/ТБК-АП (2,3 по сравнению с 16,6 в норме) и повышение Ц/ПА (3,17 по сравнению с 0,62 в норме). В случае применения «Фэнокора» для коррекции проявлений МС происходила нормализация содержания супероксиддисмутазы, наблюдался самый высокий среди экспериментальных животных уровень ТБК-активных продуктов. Коррекция МС с помощью «Фенокора» была эффективна: соотношение ПА/ТБА было в 2 раза выше, чем в контроле, а отношение Ц/ПА составляло 0,86. Уровни каталазы и супероксиддисмутазы были в 5 и 1,3 раза выше нормы соответственно. Заключение. Нормализация отношений ПА/ТБК-АП и Ц/ПА при применении препарата «Фэнокор» позволяет использовать ПППВ с высоким содержанием полифенолов для коррекции антиоксидантного статуса и снижения проявлений ССВР. Ключевые слова: оксидативный стресс, полифенолы винограда.

Combination of community acquired pneumonia with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical peculiarities, production of active oxygen forms, general antioxidant blood status

Aim. The objective is to study clinical peculiarities, production of active oxygen forms and general antioxidant blood status in patients with community acquired pneumonia and in its combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and methods. 59 patients hospitalized in patient department took part in the study. The first group included 32 patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).The second group included 27 patients with combination of community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CAP+COPD). Symptoms of the disease, clinico-laboratory data and findings of the instrumental investigations were analyzed in the patients. Production of active oxygen forms (AOF) in the whole blood was studied. General antioxidant status (AOS) was analyzed in the blood serum. Results and discussion. The values of prognostic CRB-65 scale and clinical index of the severity of the condition were higher in patients with CAP+COPD compared to the patients with CAP. The reduction of spontaneous and induced by pyrogenal chemiluminescence (ChL) of blood has been found in the patients; this fact indicates decreased production of AOF by the cells. In patients with CAP general AOS of the blood was found to be increased but in patients with CAP+COPD it was decreased. After the course of treatment in patients with CAP+COPD symptoms of the disease remained, the level of C-reactive protein in serum was high and the level of AOS of blood was low, disturbances in the AOF production were observed. Conclusion. In patients with CAP+COPD in comparison with CAP patients the intensity of clinical symptoms was higher, the inflammatory process had a prolonged character, disturbances in the production of AOF and AOS of blood were more marked.