The state of framework development for implementing reasoning mechanisms in smart cyber-physical systems: A literature review

Smart CPSs (S-CPSs) have been evolving beyond what was identified by the traditional definitions of CPSs. The objective of our research is to investigate the concepts and implementations of reasoning processes for S-CPSs, and more specifically, the frameworks proposed for the fuzzy front end of their reasoning mechanisms. The objectives of the paper are: (i) to analyze the framework concepts and implementations of CPS, (ii) to review the literature concerning system-level reasoning and its enablers from the points of view of the processed knowledge, building awareness, reasoning mechanisms, decision making, and adaptation. Our findings are: (i) awareness and adaptation behaviors are considered as system-level smartness of S-CPSs that are not achieved by traditional design approaches; (ii) model-based and composability approaches insufficiently support the development of reasoning mechanisms for S-CPSs; (iii) frameworks for development of reasoning in S-CPS should support compositional design. Based on the conclusions above, we argue that coping with the challenges of compositionality requires both software-level integration and holistic fusion of knowledge by means of semantic transformations. This entails the need for a multi aspect framework that is able to capture at least conceptual, functional, architectural, informational, interoperation, and behavioral aspects. It needs further investigation if a compositionality enabling framework should appear in the form of a meta-framework (abstract) or in the form of a semantically integrated (concrete) framework. Highlights Smartness in CPSs is a holistic and synergistic behavioral characteristic. Complex mental representations are compositional. Compositionality is necessary for smart CPSs. Without a rigorous unifying framework, designing synthesis reasoning remains ad hoc.

Facilitation of self-empowerment of women living with borderline personality disorder: A concept analysis

Background: Borderline personality disorder is characterised by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects and marked impulsivity.Objective: : The objective is to define the central concept of “facilitation of self empowerment”.Method: Analysis and synthesis reasoning methods as indicated by Walker and Avant (2011) were used to define the central concept.Results: A definition of the concept “facilitation of self-empowerment” was formulated from the dictionary and subject definitions.Conclusion: The central concept is important for developing a model as a frame of reference to assist psychiatric nurse practitioners in facilitating the mental health of women living with borderline personality disorder.

Impacts of Synthesis Reasoning on Ideation Effectiveness in Conceptual Design

Synthesis plays a critical role in determining the ideation effectiveness in conceptual design. When synthesis is formulated as a reasoning activity, there are several fundamental reasoning principles in formal logic that can be applied to support making the “what→how” propositions. This paper introduces three such principles that define a good what→how proposition in synthesis, namely the synthetic principle, the instantiation principle, and the abduction principle. Furthermore, we present a rigorous case study that explores the impacts of these reasoning principles on the ideation effectiveness. Specifically, we conduct a correlation analysis between the count of what→how propositions that follow and fail to follow every principle with different ideation metrics. The results provide clear evidence that certain correlations exist between the reasoning activity and the ideation effectiveness in conceptual design.

Control of Magnesium Alloys Two-Roll Strip Cast Cooling System Based on the Fuzzy Model

This paper describes the Fuzzy control of circular cooling water in a twin-roll strip cast, joins a feed-forward compensation to solve the time lag in conveying water. Because of the large time lag, multivariable system and hard modeling, this paper presents a Fuzzy controller for them. Based on the synthesis reasoning rules and Fuzzy logic, the Fuzzy model of circular cooling water is established. Then the simulation results show that the strip can effectively keep a constant temperature. And it has a good tracking performance, robust, strong anti-interference ability, and the cooling water can in time exchange heat with the liquid metal to get high quality strip.