Vnímanie akademického cieľa a kríza v procese jeho dosahovania

The aim of the research was to explore the correlations among the perceived characteristics of the academic goal (the grade that a student set himself to achieve) during the semester, as well as the correlations with the obtained grade. The university students (N = 31) participated on the research. Their perceptions of motivation, self-efficacy, commitment, desirability, attainability, effort, progress and action crisis were collected by short scales 1. in the goal setting, 2. after passing the credit test and 3. 24hours before the exam. After passing the exam, the grade and the fulfillment of the goal were also collected. Only the higher desirability after passing the partial goal (after the credit test) was associated with the worse grade. However, the students had set the worse grades than they finally obtained. Correlations among the goal characteristics confirmed the findings of other studies. The correlations among the previous and the upcoming goal characteristics have shown the importance of the initial “want to” motivation, desirability and attainability. The crisis was correlated with low attainability, low progress and with previous crisis and “have to” motivation.

When Goal Pursuit Gets Hairy: A Longitudinal Goal Study Examining the Role of Controlled Motivation and Action Crises in Predicting Changes in Hair Cortisol, Perceived Stress, Health, and Depression Symptoms

The action crisis is a critical phase in goal striving during which the goal pursuer feels conflicted about persevering with the goal or initiating disengagement. Recent research suggests that goal motivation, specifically controlled motivation (i.e., pursuing a goal out of obligation and pressure), increases the likelihood of experiencing action crises. In turn, action crises in goal pursuit have been linked to increases in depression symptoms and cortisol. In the present 8-month longitudinal study, we tracked university students’ personal goals to examine whether the pursuit of controlled goals and the experience of action crises was associated with increasing levels of hair cortisol, perceived stress, poor health, and depression symptoms ( N = 156). Structural equation modeling suggested that experiencing action crises in goal pursuit was associated with increases in markers of stress, depression, and ill-being. This effect was partially explained by controlled goal motivation. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Modelling the process of falling behind and its psychophysiological consequences

IntroductionA preceding article investigated the psychophysiological responses to falling behind a performance matched opponent. The following temporally linked cause–effect relationships were hypothesised: falling behind precedes deterioration in valence, deterioration in valence precedes development of an action crisis, experience of an action crisis precedes psychoneuroendocrinological distress response and non-adaptive distress response reduces conduciveness to high performance, thereby preceding performance decrement.MethodsIn this article, we applied structural equation modelling to test the extent to which the observed data fit the hypothesised cause–effect relationships. A five-step procedure was applied to model the interrelationships between the major study variables in the hypothesised temporal order.ResultsSignificant linear relationships were found between all hypothesised predictor and outcome variable pairs (p<0.024). The dynamic change in valence was a significant mediator (p=0.011) as it explained 35% of the relationship between falling behind and action crisis. All hypothesised cause–effect relationships continued to be significant after controlling for performance, descriptor, training and perceived strain variables. The observed data fitted the hypothesised structural model well with excellent model fit indices throughout.ConclusionWe applied, tested and confirmed the hypothesised debilitative psychophysiological processes that unfold in response to falling behind a performance matched opponent. The main findings were: deterioration in valence mediated the relationship between falling behind and action crisis, the mindset shift associated with an action crisis predicted increased blood cortisol concentrations and non-adaptive blood cortisol concentrations predicted performance decrement. The findings point towards the crucial role of affective and cognitive modifiers in centrally regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour.

AN ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS ON JAMES JOYCE SHORT STORY

This research concerns the analysis of intrinsic elements on James Joyce. The research question of this thesis was how the intrinsic elements of Eveline short story by James Joyce are. The design of the research was a descriptive design. This research used a flow model analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman (1994:10). They defined as: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The source of data in this research was James Joyce short story “Eveline” from James Joyce collection of short story Dubliners. The results of this research show that; there are five basic components of plot that researcher found in Eveline short story; exposition, complication, rising action, crisis, climax, falling action and denouement. The setting place in Eveline story are in Eveline’s home, outside the Stores, in the Theater, and in the Station of the North Wall. The characters in Eveline story are; Eveline; she loves her family, swaying with the wind, obedient and docile; Eveline’s father, he is a cruel father, had a bad habit; Frank; he is a sailor, kind and manly; Harry, he is Eveline’s brother; Ernest, he is Eveline brother too and he is dead at the time of the story; Miss Gavan, she Eveline's supervisor at the Stores. There are three themes on this short story it is family theme, love, and security. The point of view of this story is use third persons point of view. The researcher found fourth symbol in this story, they are: the field, Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque picture and music.

The Process of Disengagement From Personal Goals

To date, it is not well understood how individuals disengage from goals. A recent approach suggests that disengagement is often preceded by an action crisis, a motivational conflict in which the individual is torn between holding on to and letting go of a personal goal. We postulate that a dynamic interplay between the experience of action crisis and appraisals of goal desirability and attainability shapes the disengagement process from personal goals. In two longitudinal studies ( N = 364), an action crisis in the goal to complete a university degree predicted devaluations of its desirability and attainability, and reversely, low goal attainability (but not desirability) predicted an increase in action crisis. Moreover, studies provided first evidence that devaluing goal desirability might be functional for well-being in an action crisis. Studies strengthen the view that disengagement is shaped by reciprocal processes between the experience of action crisis and changes in goal appraisal.

KAJIAN STRUKTUR DRAMATIK DAN ALUR CERITA FILM TOBA DREAMS KARYA BENNY SETIAWAN

<p>Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk menjelaskan struktur dramatik dan bentuk alur cerita yang terdapat dalam film Toba Dreams . Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang digunakan untuk mengungkap plot/alur cerita yang ada pada film Toba Dreams. Film Toba Dreams mengandung unsur naratif yang membentuk rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terkait satu sama lain dan terhubung oleh sebab akibat (kausalitas) yang terjadi dalam ruang dan waktu. Tema yang terkandung dalam film Toba Dreams yaitu budaya, agama dan cinta. Perasaan cinta yang sangat luar biasa dimiliki seorang ayah yaitu Sersan Mayor Tebe (Mathias Muchus) terhadap anak-anaknya karena perasaan tersebut Sersan Tebe mendidik anak-anaknya layaknya pasukan tempur. Pertentangan terjadi dalam isi cerita film Toba Dreams yang menyebabkan adanya konflik dari awal hingga akhir. Maka pendekatan Struktur Dramatik (Exposition, Inciting-action, Crisis, Climax, Resolution dan Conlusion) digunakan agar dapat mengetahui perkembangan alur cerita, karakter tokoh, klimaks dari permasalahan hingga tahap akhir cerita sebagai penutur alur dramatik.</p>

Goal disengagement in emerging adulthood

In emerging adulthood, being committed to and making progress on important personal goals constitutes a source of identity and well-being. Goal striving, however, does not always go without problems. Even though highly committed to a goal, individuals may experience recurring setbacks and, consequently, increasing doubts about the goal that might culminate in an action crisis, that is, an intra-psychic decisional conflict about whether to disengage from or to continue on their way. Action crises have been shown to lead to negative consequences on well-being and performance. Besides these negative consequences, however, an action crisis is hypothesized to have an adaptive side that is addressed in the present paper. Actively questioning the pursuit of a goal should allow for weighing up the focal goal against alternative and possibly more desirable goals. This open-minded re-evaluation, in the event of goal disengagement, is assumed to avoid the emergence of action crises in subsequently formed goals. As expected, in a longitudinal study over one and a half years with n = 207 freshman students, the degree of experienced action crisis prior to goal disengagement predicted the desirability and decisional certainty of the subsequently formed alternative goal. Theoretical implications of the results for research on self-regulation and identity formation in emerging adulthood are discussed.

CHARACTER’S LANGUAGE FEATURES IN ‘ILE’ BY EUGENNE O’NEIL

This study focuses on analyzing of the language features used by the main character in “Ile” drama. Drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere designed to be acted by players on a stage before an audience. This definition may be applied to motion picture drama as well as to the traditional stage. The main questions to be answered namely what the language features of the main character are. The analysis showed that every character uses certain language features as a manifestation of their role, atitude or status