Citizenship, Migration and Mobility in a Pandemic (CMMP): A global dataset of COVID-19 restrictions on human movement

This research note introduces a new global dataset, the Citizenship, Migration and Mobility in a Pandemic (CMMP). The dataset features systematic information on border closures and domestic lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in 211 countries and territories worldwide from 1 March to 1 June 2020. It documents the evolution of the types and scope of international travel bans and exceptions to them, as well as internal measures including limitations of non-essential movement and curfews in 27 countries. CMMP can be used to study causes and effects of policy restrictions to migration and mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset is available through Cadmus and will be regularly updated until the last pandemic-related restriction has been lifted or become long-term.

The consolidation of royal control: evidence from northern Castile, 1352–1787

Rulers of modern states consolidated control over territories that were previously complicated mosaics of private political jurisdictions. Systematic information about this process is sparse. This article analyzes village-level transition paths between jurisdictions—royal, seigneurial, and ecclesiastical—in northern Castile in the period 1352–1787. It quantifies how much power different types of lords preserved or lost to the Crown in the long run and also offers conjectural estimates showing that exposure to opportunities for trade led to more resilient and larger royal domains—at the expense of secular lords, but not of the Catholic Church.

Control and Integration of Automatic Flood Warning and Alert System Using Internet of Things

The information capability of an impending flash flood or release of water from the dam which is available for the people near the catchment area of the river is deficient and unsystematic. Therefore in order to make it sufficient and systematic, information gathering the opening of dams, its capacity and its rapid increase in the level are monitored accurately. The data of the monsoonal shift and the climatic change are merged as the cloud data. The PA system along with the OPGW cables and the GSM based system which are used for making alert for the people in the catchment area gives direction over the elevated region for their safety which in turn saves the life of the people a lot.

Estimation of extreme flooding based on stochastic weather generators supported by the use of non-systematic flood data

<p>An adequate characterization of extreme floods is key for the correct design of the infrastructures and for the flood risk estimation. Traditionally, these studies have been carried out based on the design storm. However, we now know that this approach is uncertain since peak discharges and hydrographs are strongly dependant on the initial conditions of the basin and on the spatio-temporal distribution of the precipitation.<br>One of the possible solutions that has recently been better welcomed between the scientific community is the continuous simulation. This combination of statistical and deterministic methods consist of the generation of extended synthetic data series of discharges by combining the use of a stochastic weather generator and a hydrological model. Nevertheless, weather generators still need robust data series of observed precipitation in order to perform adequately, especially when trying to capture extremes. To date, however, the length of both available precipitation and discharge records are still not sufficient to guarantee an adequate estimation of extreme discharges, presenting these high uncertainty.<br>In the present study, the same approach is taken (i.e. continuous simulation). However, in order to deal with the short length of the data records and to improve the estimations of extreme discharges, non-systematic information (i.e. historical and Palaeoflood) is integrated in the methodology, extending the length of the flow records and giving extra information of the higher tail of the distribution function, thus reducing the uncertainty of these estimations.<br>This methodology was implemented in a Spanish Mediterranean ephemeral catchment, Rambla de la Viuda (Castello, Valencia). The study area comprises an approximate area of 1,500 km2 and presents a mean rainfall of 615 mm, most of them falling within the autumn months (SON) as a consequence of medicanes. The weather generator used was GWEX, which was designed to focus on extremes, and the hydrological model implemented was TETIS, which is a conceptual model and spatially distributed. Both of them were implemented at a daily scale. Non-systematic information was obtained from previous studies, having information at two locations and, therefore, being able to validate the results in more than one point.<br>The results, in terms of precipitation, showed that weather generators using heavy-tailed marginal distribution functions outperform those using light-tailed distributions (e.g. Exponential or Gamma), especially when extra information is incorporated, as in this study, where regional maxima precipitation studies were integrated for the parametrisation of the weather generator.<br>With regards to discharges, the incorporation of non-systematic information clearly gave extra information of the higher tail of the distribution function (up to approx. T=600 years in this study), allowing to validate the generated discharges up to larger return periods and, therefore, reducing the uncertainty of the extreme discharge estimations</p>

THE INFLUENCE OF «ARCHITECTS-MENTORS» ON THE CREATIVITY OF ARCHITECT NIKOLAI MATVEEVICH SOKOLOV

The article considers the influence of masters, teachers in the Institute of Civil engineers – I.S. Kitner, V.A. Schroter on the activity of Rostov city architect N.M. Sokolov in the late XIX – early XX century Sokolov. Unknown facts of an early stage of his creative activity are revealed. The features of his creative method formed under the influence of «architects-mentors» are presented. The problem of the study is to identify the characteristic of the architectural activity of the mentors who influenced the future life and creative activity of Nikolai Matveevich as the city architect of Rostov-on-don, whose objects form the historical part of the city, many of which are objects of cultural heritage. The study is aimed at revealing the features of the architecture of the «brick style» in the works of Sokolov, formed under the influence of teachers of the Institute of Civil engineers – Kitner, Schroter – adherents of the rational direction of architecture of the XIX century. The article introduces the new factual data, the comparative analysis of Kitner and Schroter analogues with objects of Sokolov, the systematic information about the life of Sokolov, his creative legacy

First record of a larva of the dipteran genus Aphrosylus Haliday, 1851 (Dolichopodidae) from the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea

The present investigation is the first to provide systematic information about marine dipteran larvae of the genus Aphrosylus Haliday, 1851 (Dolichopodidae), collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. During May 2017, fouling samples were scraped from natural coastal rocks in the Abu Qir area, east of Alexandria city, Egypt. Only two larvae of Aphrosylus sp. were recorded. This is a new record for the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea fauna. A concise description supplied with drawings, habitat, and distribution of the recorded genus is provided.

Counseling psychology

The textbook is designed to study the discipline " Fundamentals of counseling psychology "("Psychological counseling") in the professional training of bachelors in the direction of 37.03.01 - "Psychology" and contains systematic information about the history, types and types of psychological counseling, the characteristics of the personality of the consultant and the nature of its interaction with customers, the basic techniques and techniques of modern consulting work, as well as the actual areas of counseling psychology and the specifics of counseling activities in relation to the most common problems that clients turn to a psychologist. The manual corresponds to the GEF IN 3++ and is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students –psychological faculties of classical and pedagogical universities, humanitarian and medical universities, as well as graduate students, teachers of psychology and practical psychologists who improve their skills in the field of counseling psychology.

Redescription and geographic distribution of Raorchestes shillongensis (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Meghalaya, Northeast India

Redescription and geographic distribution of Raorchestes shillongensis (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Meghalaya, Northeast India. Raorchestes shillongensis is a threatened rhacophorid frog endemic to Northeast India. The species is poorly known and systematic information is lacking. We redescribe here the morphology of the species from topotypic material and compare with other Bush Frogs of the region. The locality records from the state of Meghalaya are new. We describe its advertisement call and discuss its phylogenetic position.