Insights into quorum sensing (QS): QS-regulated biofilm and inhibitors

In the environment, bacteria can communicate with a known mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). These bacteria will communicate in a group for social interactions like a multi-cellular organism. It provides significant benefits to the bacteria in host colonization, the formation of biofilms, defense against competitors, and adaptation to environmental changes. The bacteria that organize in biofilms are difficult to control and manage, resulting in a higher dosage of antibiotics to clear the infectious biofilms. Also, many QS-controlled activities are involved in virulence and pathogenicity. Hence, understanding the details of quorum sensing mechanisms, its phenotype regulation (biofilm), and QS inhibitors (which attenuate virulence/pathogenicity) may open a new avenue for controlling bacterial infections.

Penggunaan Khamir Laut Dalam Pakan Anguilla bicolor Terhadap Retensi Lemak dan Daya Cerna Energi [The Effect of Use of Sea Yeast in Feed Anguilla bicolor Against Fat Retention and Energy Di gestion]

AbstrakIkan sidat merupakan ikan konsumsi penting. Khamir laut (marine yeast) merupakan organisme seluler dari golongan jamur, bersifat kemoorganotrof, bereproduksi seksual dengan spora dan aseksual dengan pertunasan atau pembelahan. Percobaan ini menggunakan substitusi (A) 0% khamir laut (B) 5% khamir laut utuh (C) 5% khamir laut dipecah dan (D) 5% khamir laut direduksi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil terbaik pada perlakuan D menunjukkan retensi lemak 24,88% dan daya cerna energy 69,74%. AbstractEel is an important consumption fish. Marine yeast (cellular yeast) is a cellular organism of the fungal group, which is chemoorganotrophic, reproduces sexually with spores and asexual with spreading or cleavage. This experiment uses substitution (A) 0% sea yeast (B) 5% whole sea yeast (C)5% broken sea yeast and (D) 5% reduced sea yeast. Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by the Smallest Significantly Difference Test (LSD). The best results on treatment D showed fat retention of 24.88% and energy digestibility of 69.74%.

ZOOM STRUCTURES AND REACTION SYSTEMS YIELD EXPLORATION SYSTEMS

In this paper we extend the framework of reaction systems by introducing (extended) zoom structures which formalize a depository of knowledge of a discipline of science. The integrating structure of such a depository (which is a well-founded partial order) allows one to deal with the hierarchical nature of biology. This leads to the notion of an exploration system [Formula: see text] which consists of (1) a static part which is a depository of knowledge given by an extended zoom structure [Formula: see text], and (2) a dynamic part given by a family of reaction systems [Formula: see text]. In this setup the depository of knowledge [Formula: see text] is explored by computations/processes provided by reaction systems from [Formula: see text], where this exploration can use/integrate knowledge present on different levels (e.g., atomic, cellular, organism, species, … levels).