Therapeutic effects of revascularisation on the healing of free bone grafts in dogs

IntroductionThe therapeutic effect of subcutaneous embedding and revascularisation on the repair of canine bone defects caused by open fracture was examined.Material and MethodsA total of 12 adult beagle dogs were randomly split into a control group (group C) and a test group (group T). A section of the radius was removed from each dog under general anaesthesia and the deficit supported by an orthopaedic implant. Group T had the section surgically implanted next to the blood vessel–rich saphenous vein and Group C had it cryopreserved at −80°C. After eight weeks, the bone was surgically implanted back into the matching radial deficit. Bone healing was evaluated by gross morphological and X-ray examinations, post-mortem histology, and successive blood measurements of key bone biochemical markers.ResultsAt 12 weeks, the bone healing boundary was disappearing more quickly in group T dogs than in their group C counterparts. X-ray and histological examinations showed that the cortical repair of group T subjects was complete and the bony plate arrangement was more regular than that in group C. The levels of bone biochemical markers also proved that the healing state of group T was better.ConclusionThe results showed that the degree of healing, osteoclast activity, and bone formation status of group T were better than those of group C, proving that the vascularised bone graft had a significantly shorter healing time than the cryopreserved bone graft.

Acetylcholinesterase activity and bone biochemical markers in premature and full-term neonates

Background Almost 30% of the premature infants have low body weight and bone mineral density due to prematurity. There is no consensus of screening premature neonates for metabolic bone disease; therefore, it is important to investigate the use of bone biochemical parameters. Latest studies involved the activity of acetylcholinesterase as a mediator in bone remodeling. It is hypothesized that there is a possible correlation of bone biochemical biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in premature infants. Methods We studied 50 neonates (26 preterm with gestational age <32 weeks, 24 full-term). Clinical data (sex, gestational week) and anthropometric parameters (body weight) were recorded. We directly measured the bone biochemical markers in serum such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition, we measured the AChE activity. Results ALP and parathyroid hormone levels were higher, but Ca, P and AChE were lower in premature neonates group compared with full-term ones. There is a significant positive correlation of gestational age with body weight, Ca and AChE. A significant negative correlation was observed for ALP and PTH with gestational age. Conclusions We found a gestational age-related increase of AChE activity. There were significant relationships between AChE activity with P and PTH.

OSTEOPOROZ AKSIAL'NOGO SKELETA I EGO PRIChINY U ZhENShchIN V POSTMENOPAUZE V POZDNIE SROKI POSLE PERESADKI SOLIDNYKh ORGANOV (POChKI I PEChENI)

Purpose. The elucidation of the frequency and general determinants of postmenopausal women osteoporosis at the date >12 months following kidney allotransplantation (KA) and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Materials and methods: There were fulfilled estimations of bone biochemical markers, estradiol, parathyroid hormone (PTH) in blood serum so as bone mineral density of lumbar vertebras (BMD) in 24 women following KA (32 estimations) and in 17 — after OLT (43 estimations). Results: Osteoporosis was revealed in 45% and 35%, hyperparathyroidism — in 90% and 37°% women after KA and OLT accordingly. BMD was positively correlated with free estradiol index in women after KA and OLT and inversely with PTH in women after KA so as with bone biochemical markers, disease duration before operation, level ofhyperbilirubinaemia in women after OLT and was more lower in women with cholestatic diseases. Conclusions: General determinants of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women following KA — estradiol deficit and hyperparathyroidism; after OLT — cholestatic liver diseases, transplant dysfunction and estradiol deficit. Osteoporosis in women with immunosupression without glucocorticoids and normobilirubinaemia so as type 1 postmenopausal osteoporosis associated with increased bone turnover and in women with transplant dysfunction — with increased bone resorption.