Learning Stochastic Equivalence based on Discrete Ricci Curvature

Role-based network embedding methods aim to preserve node-centric connectivity patterns, which are expressions of node roles, into low-dimensional vectors. However, almost all the existing methods are designed for capturing a relaxation of automorphic equivalence or regular equivalence. They may be good at structure identification but could show poorer performance on role identification. Because automorphic equivalence and regular equivalence strictly tie the role of a node to the identities of all its neighbors. To mitigate this problem, we construct a framework called Curvature-based Network Embedding with Stochastic Equivalence (CNESE) to embed stochastic equivalence. More specifically, we estimate the role distribution of nodes based on discrete Ricci curvature for its excellent ability to concisely representing local topology. We use a Variational Auto-Encoder to generate embeddings while a degree-guided regularizer and a contrastive learning regularizer are leveraged to improving both its robustness and discrimination ability. The effectiveness of our proposed CNESE is demonstrated by extensive experiments on real-world networks.

A Study on A − I − Γ -Hyperideals and m , n − Γ -Hyperfilters in Ordered Γ -Semihypergroups

The concept of almost interior Γ -hyperideals ( A − I − Γ -hyperideals) in ordered Γ -semihypergroups is a generalization of the concept of interior Γ -hyperideals ( I − Γ -hyperideals). In this study, the connections between I − Γ -hyperideals and A − I − Γ -hyperideals in ordered Γ -semihypergroups were presented. Also, we define the notion of m , n - Γ -hyperfilters of ordered Γ -semihypergroups and provide useful results on it. Moreover, we use the weak pseudoorders to construct quotient ordered Γ -semihypergroups by using ordered regular equivalence relations. These concepts lead us to a new research direction in ordered Γ -semihypergroups.

Γ∗-Relation on Fuzzy Hyperrings and Fundamental Ring

Fundamental relation performs an important role on fuzzy algebraic hyperstructure and is considered as the smallest equivalence relation such that the quotient is a universal algebra. In this paper, we introduce a new fuzzy strongly regular equivalence on fuzzy hyperrings such that the set of the quotient is a ring that is non-commutative. Also, we introduce the concept of a complete part of a fuzzy hyperring and study its principal traits. At last, we convey the relevance between the fundamental relation and complete parts of a fuzzy hyperring.

A Comparison of Complete Parts on m-Idempotent Hyperrings

On a particular class of m-idempotent hyperrings, the relation ξ m * is the smallest strongly regular equivalence such that the related quotient ring is commutative. Thus, on such hyperrings, ξ m * is a new representation for the α * -relation. In this paper, the ξ m -parts on hyperrings are defined and compared with complete parts, α -parts, and m-complete parts, as generalizations of complete parts in hyperrings. It is also shown how the ξ m -parts help us to study the transitivity property of the ξ m -relation. Finally, ξ m -complete hyperrings are introduced and studied, stressing on the fact that they can be characterized by ξ m -parts. The symmetry plays a fundamental role in this study, since the protagonist is an equivalence relation, defined using also the symmetrical group of permutations of order n.

Mining Social Networking Sites: A Specific area of Facebook

Now a days facebook is the specific social network site for communicating more people, to develop learning process & research area. Although mining and analysis are needed area of social network so, we are showing useful part in this paper that are related to communication with people, collection of data and uses of social network’s tool and techniques .During our research work we found several tools are available for collecting data and analyzing fan pages. For the purpose of our research work, we used social network site such as Facebook, in this platform we created one page related to blog who did the panacea for us. In this research paper we have applied online social media network for extracting data. Uniform node detection has used for finding common properties among audience as well as Regular equivalence nodes are using for calculating uniformity. Effective user detection, Graph structure, sampling framework are an efficient way that are explained in our paper. Breadth first search & Uniform are best approaches that has used .Graph API has major role to collect data and for the purpose of analyzing data, we used Facebook crawling process. Whenever for growing audience and know about audience information , we have explained about Facebook Insight, Like Alyzer , Sociograph , Agorapulse, Quintly , Brandwatch, So Trender , Brand 24 , Social Bakers, Rival IQ, Unmetric etc. that are more appropriate and accurate tools .

Regular Equivalence for Social Networks

Networks and graphs are highly relevant in modeling real-life communities and their interactions. In order to gain insight in their structure, different roles are attributed to vertices, effectively clustering them in equivalence classes. A new formal definition of regular equivalence is presented in this paper, and the relation with other equivalence types is investigated and mathematically proven. An efficient algorithm is designed, able to detect all regularly equivalent roles in large-scale complex networks. We apply it to both Barabási–Albert random networks, as well as real-life social networks, which leads to interesting insights.

Transitivity of the εm-relation on (m-idempotent) hyperrings

On a general hyperring, there is a fundamental relation, denoted γ*, such that the quotient set is a classical ring. In a previous paper, the authors defined the relation εm on general hyperrings, proving that its transitive closure $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \varepsilon^{*}_{m} \end{array}$ is a strongly regular equivalence relation smaller than the γ*-relation on some classes of hyperrings, such that the associated quotient structure modulo $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \varepsilon^{*}_{m} \end{array}$ is an ordinary ring. Thus, on such hyperrings, $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \varepsilon^{*}_{m} \end{array}$ is a fundamental relation. In this paper, we discuss the transitivity conditions of the εm-relation on hyperrings and m-idempotent hyperrings.

A further study on ordered regular equivalence relations in ordered semihypergroups

In this paper, we study the ordered regular equivalence relations on ordered semihypergroups in detail. To begin with, we introduce the concept of weak pseudoorders on an ordered semihypergroup, and investigate several related properties. In particular, we construct an ordered regular equivalence relation on an ordered semihypergroup by a weak pseudoorder. As an application of the above result, we completely solve the open problem on ordered semihypergroups introduced in [B. Davvaz, P. Corsini and T. Changphas, Relationship between ordered semihypergroups and ordered semigroups by using pseuoorders, European J. Combinatorics 44 (2015), 208–217]. Furthermore, we establish the relationships between ordered regular equivalence relations and weak pseudoorders on an ordered semihypergroup, and give some homomorphism theorems of ordered semihypergroups, which are generalizations of similar results in ordered semigroups.