KERAGAMAN JENIS SERANGGA DIURNAL DI KAWASAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH ACEH SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBEJARAN ZOOLOGI INVERTEBRATA

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawasan kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh pada bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2015 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis serangga diurnal, tingkat keragaman dan menjadikan jenis serangga diurnal sebagai media pembelajaran zoologi invertebrata. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan insect net, pitfall trap, areal bait trap, dan aspirator pada tiga stasiun pengamatan yang telah ditentukan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan setiap jenis serangga diurnal yang ditemukan. Selanjutnya untuk mengetahui tingkat keragaman jenis serangga diurnal di kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh digunakan indeks keragaman Shannon Wiener (H’). Hasil penelitian di peroleh serangga diurnal sebanyak 1580 individu yang terdiri dari 8 ordo, 17 familia dengan 26 jenis. 26 jenis serangga diurnal masing – masing terdiri masing - masing 7 jenis dari ordo Hymenoptera famili Formicidae, Apidae, dan Perilampidae, 4 jenis ordo Hemiptera famili Lygaeidae, Alydidae, Coreidae dan Pentatomidae, 2 jenis dari ordo Diptera famili Calliphoridae dan Muscidae, 2 jenis dari ordo Coleoptera famili Coccinellidae, 4 jenis dari ordo Lepidoptera famili Nymphalidae dan Pieridae , 3 ordo jenis dari Orthoptera famili Acrididae dan Tetrigidae, 1 jenis dari ordo Mantodea famili Mantodidae dan 3 jenis dari ordo Odonata famili Libellulidae dan Coenagrionidae. Hasil analisis indeks keragaman menunjukkan nilai 1,68 yang berarti tingkat keragaman serangga diurnal di kawasan kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh tergolong sedang, dengan indeks kemerataan 0,51 artinya bahwa distribusi jumlah individu setiap jenis serangga diurnal di masing - masing stasiun penelitian relatif terdistribusi secara merata

Forest Matrix Fosters High Similarity in Bee Composition Occurring on Isolated Outcrops Within Amazon Biome

Most studies analyze fragmentation due to habitat loss caused by anthropogenic activities and few of them analyzed fragmentation on naturally fragmented areas. In the Eastern Amazon, it is possible to find areas naturally open and surrounded by pristine forest. Understanding how species respond to isolation in these areas is an important challenge for decision-making processes aiming conservation and restoration. Using standardized methods of bee collection (entomological nets, bait trap, pan trap, and nest trap), the objective of this study was to analyze the composition and diversity of bees occurring on six isolated outcrops located in two protected areas within Amazon biome. More specifically, we tested 1) if the dissimilarity in bee species composition is explained by the isolation of outcrops and 2) if bee richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity can be explained by the outcrop size. We found 118 species, with the Meliponini and Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) tribes representing the highest number of species. The similarity in species composition across all outcrops is high and is not explained by the isolation. In addition, the richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity are not explained by outcrop size. Forest does not seem to be a barrier to bee movement, and although most species probably nest in the forests, they use the highly diverse plants of the outcrops as a complementary food source.

Keanekaragaman Semut Musuh Alami (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat di Kecamatan Timpeh Kabupaten Dharmasraya

Ekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit terdiri dari berbagai jenis paku-pakuan, gulma, rerumputan dan serangga yang membentuk suatu ekosistem yang kompleks. Serangga dari golongan Formicidae merupakan aspek yang menarik untuk dikaji salah satunya yaitu semut. Pada ekosistem kelapa sawit, semut memiliki berbagai peran diantaranya sebagai penyerbuk, predator, pengurai dan herbivora. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Nagari Panyubarangan dan Tabek, Kecamatan Timpeh, Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Sumatera Barat pada bulan September 2018 sampai Februari 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman semut pada ekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat. Percobaan dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Hand Collecting, Bait Trap, dan Pitfall Trap. Identifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Taksonomi Hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Analisis keanekaragaman menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wienner dan indeks kemerataan Simpson. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,83 sampai dengan 2,08. Total semut yang dikoleksi sebanyak 8.763 individu yang terdiri dari 14 genus, dan 29 spesies. Spesies yang paling dominan adalah Anoplolepis gracilipes diikuti Crematogaster borneensis dan Monomorium floricola dengan Indeks Nilai Penting yakni 0,57. Masing-masing spesies semut tersebut berperan sebagai predator beberapa hama kelapa sawit.

Variety of Anopheles mosquito in Salamwates Village, Dongko Subdistrict Trenggalek District, East Java Province

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites from the genus Plasmodium and transmitted through the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes. This study was an observational analytic research by using adult mosquito specimens. The mosquitoes were caught using indoor net trapping and outdoor cow baited net trapping started at 18.45 to 24.00 for six catching times. Outdoor cow baited net trapping caught 61 mosquitoes from seven different species namely An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. barbirostris, An. indefinitus, An. kochi, and An. vagus. Human bait trap only trapped one species, An. indefinites. The most often caught mosquito was a zoophilic An. barbirostris, while An. indefinitus was the only spesies of anthropozoophilic mosquito and suspected as the malaria vector because they were caught using indoor human bait trap.

The first record of the pantropical filth fly Atherigona orientalis Schiner from mainland Europe and another record of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp) from Spain (Diptera: Muscidae)

Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) are recorded from southeast Spain, attracted to a carrion bait trap. The record of A. orientalis Schiner is the first occurrence of this species from the European mainland.

Efficacy of management approaches against cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae coquillett) of bitter gourd

Field and laboratory studies were carried out to find out the extent of fruit fly infestation at different fruiting stages of bitter gourd as well as to determine the efficacy of some pesticidal and other control approaches applied either separately or in combination. The pesticidal efficacy of three commonly used insecticides such as secufon, malathion, karate and karanja oil as botanicals with the concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% respectively was determined against the larvae of cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae in the laboratory based on mortality at different time intervals. All the pesticides caused maximum mortality at 72 h with 1.00% concentration. The level of fruit fly infestation at different fruiting stages of bitter gourd ranged from 8.91% to 88.19%, 9.24% to 94.89% and 5.01% to 89.27% at early, mid and late fruiting stage, respectively. Soil treatment with furadan @ 10kgha-1 + bagging of fruits showed significantly lowest infestation (9.46%) which was ten times lower than that of untreated control (91.43%). The other control approaches viz., sex pheromone, bait trap with secufon + cucurbit chop, bait trap consisted of secufon + banana chop reduced fruit fly infestation to a significant level. The highest number (83.67) of flies trapped at mid fruiting stage of bitter gourd was recorded in sex pheromone trap while the ratio of male and female flies ranged from 1.13 to 1.24 in the trapped individuals.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 757-766, December 2017